APPLICATION OF SELF–CLEANING TREATMENT ON COTTON AND PES/CO FABRIC USING TiO2 AND SiO2 COATING SYNTHESIZED BY SOL–GEL METHOD

The photocatalytic activity of TiO2–SiO2 coated and TiO2 coated on 100% cotton and PES/Co fabrics was investigated through the self–cleaning of red wine stains and coffee stains. It was shown that a TiO2 species could be produced at temperatures of 25 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C with acceptable photo–activity and TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by a sol–gel process at a low temperature. The discoloration of red wine and coffee led to CO2 evolution that was more efficient for TiO2–SiO2 coated cotton for samples than of TiO2 coated ones. The textile surface did not show any change after several consecutive light–induced discoloration cycles of a red wine stain and coffee stain. The structural properties of these nanocomposites were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo showed that the TiO2–SiO2 layer is thicker than TiO2 layer on the cotton fabric and PES/Co fabric and the Ti–particles were always surrounded by amorphous SiO2 and never alone by themselves. The TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposites were coated onto cotton and PES/Co fabrics by a simple dip–pad–dry–cure process

ベトナムにおける企業の生産性及びその決定要因に関する研究

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(学術)Doctor of Philosophydoctora

ANTI-ODOUR TREATMENT ON 100% WOOL FABRIC USING COLORANTS FROM COFFEE GROUND RESIDUES

Coffee ground residues is considered as biomass and organic wastes that can be used for further application due to their deodorant properties. The purpose of this study is applying anti-odor treatment on 100% wool fabric by bi-functional dyeing process with colorant extracted from coffee ground residues. The extraction was done with water at 100ºC with different extracting ratio. The knitted wool fabrics were IR dyed with extracting solutions at 80ºC, 90 min, then dried at 60ºC, 30 min. The effectiveness of treatment on wool fabric was determined by colour strength K/S and FT-IR spectra. The colour fastness after hand wash were tested by AATCC standard to confirm the treatment after laundering, exhibited good color fastness at grade 4-5. The anti-odor effect was also evaluated according to AATCC 2017 Methods for Odor Evaluation of Textiles and other Materials for fabric before and after laundering, which proved the efficiency of deodorization of treated fabric by coffee residues extraction, even with strong odor like onio

THE INFLUENCES OF ‘POWER DISTANCE’ ON PRE-SERVICE TEACHER LEARNING IN VIETNAM

Globalisation has moved nations to take steps to meet the demands of an increasingly competitive employment market. The Vietnamese Government has introduced a number of initiatives to equip its labour force with the necessary knowledge and skills, one of which is requiring teachers to change their teaching methods toward constructivist pedagogies.  This study focuses on pre-service teachers’ learning in Vietnam, where a ‘large power distance’ is widely practiced in education. This article reports on part of the action research study, showing the influences of ‘large power distance’ on pre-service teacher learning in Vietnam. The findings show that the ‘large power distance’ in Vietnamese culture generated both negative and positive influences during the teacher learning process. The findings contribute to the discussions about the role of teacher educators in promoting change for better education in Vietnam. Keywords: Constructivist pedagogies, power distance, pre-service teachers, teacher learning, Vietnamese teachers.Cite as: Nguyen, H.T.M. (2016). The influences of ‘power distance’ on pre-service teacher learning in Vietnam. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 1(2), 38-49.  http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol1iss2pp38-4

HiPSEC x-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy studies on energetic materials under extreme conditions

We conducted a series of experiments on the decompositions of the energetic materials NaBH4, NH3BH3, HMX, and RDX under different pressures using the x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique; we also studied the lesser known but high-performance explosive FOX-7’s behaviors under high pressures using the infrared spectroscopy (IR) technique. For the chemical decomposition of NaBH4 and NH3BH3 we discovered possible x-ray induced hydrogen gas generation; for the decomposition of HMX and RDX, we discovered that the decay rates of these two materials vary with pressure respectively; for the study of FOX-7’s high pressure behaviors we discovered potential phase changes and pressure induced chemical reactions as pressure is increased

Nutrient Dynamics in an Integrated Prawn (Penaeus latisulcatus Kishouye 1896) and Macroalgae (Sargassum sp.) culture system

Rapid global expansion of the aquaculture industry has prompted the need for development of techniques for effective environmental management. In intensive aquaculture, effluents have resulted in environmental degradation of surrounding ecosystems. As a result, wastewater treatment techniques using biological means is growing worldwide. The present research was conducted to investigate the nutrient flows in a system where seaweed Sargassum sp. was integrated into western king prawn (Penaeus latisulcatus) culture.Three laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the nutrient load discharged from western king prawn culture and, the capacity of Sargassum sp. to reduce nutrient loads in the integrated culture system. The effects of changes in stocking biomass of prawns and seaweed on the growth rates of both species and nutrient flows in an integrated culture system were also investigated. Prawn and seaweed growth, prawn survival, water quality parameters, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in tissue of prawns, seaweed and feed were analysed.These experiments demonstrated that by integrating seaweed into prawn culture, the concentrations of total ammonium nitrogen (TAN), nitrite-nitrogen (NO[subscript]2[superscript]-) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO[subscript]3[superscript]-), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), total nitrogen (TN), phosphate (PO[subscript]4[superscript]3[superscript]-) and total phosphorus (TP) were significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) than in the prawn monoculture and remained within non-toxic limits for the duration of the experiment. Overall, Sargassum sp. removed a greater percentage of DIN (35.8-52.6%) and phosphate (5.62-65.9%) than other nutrient forms.The mean nutrient uptake rates of Sargassum sp. were 0.33-0.69 mg g[superscript]-[superscript]1 dry wt day[superscript]-[superscript]1 for nitrogen and 0.13-0.25 mg g[superscript]-[superscript]1 dry wt day[superscript]-[superscript]1 for phosphorus. The integrated culture systems effectively retained nutrients into harvested products in comparison to monoculture system. The rates of nutrient conversion into waste were significantly lower in the integrated culture systems (52.46-70.05% for nitrogen and 49.09-69.41% for phosphorus) than in prawn monoculture (82.31% for nitrogen and 85.53% for phosphorus).Integrating Sargassum sp. with prawn culture did not alter the specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate of the prawns. The SGR of Sargassum sp. in integrated culture increased at the rate of 3.16 ± 0.74% day[superscript]-[superscript]1, while was 5.70 ± 0.82 % day[superscript]-[superscript]1 in seaweed monoculture. Decreasing the stocking biomass of Sargassum sp. negatively affected its growth rate and capacity in uptaking the nutrients.The results of this study suggest that integrating Sargassum sp. into prawn culture can benefit prawn farming by assisting in the maintenance of optimum water quality and thereby, reduce environmental impacts on surrounding ecosystems. However, the lower growth rate of seaweed cultured with prawns than those cultured in isolation suggests the presence of several limiting factors for the growth of the seaweed in integrated seaweed and prawn culture

Removal of Inorganic Nitrogen by Integrating Seaweed (Sargassum sp.) into Western King Prawn (Penaeus latisulcatus, Kishinouye 1896) Culture

Effluent water from intensive prawn culture ponds typically has high concentrations of dissolved nutrients such as nitrogen. An experiment was conducted for 28 days to investigate the nitrogen flow where seaweed (Sargassum sp.) was integrated into western king prawn (Penaeus latisulcatus) culture. Three treatments were used, each consisting of four, 0.1m3 plastic tanks. Treatment 1 and 2 were the monocultures of western king prawns (5.48 ± 0.29 g) and seaweed (young seaweed). Treatment 3 was an integrated culture of prawns and seaweed. Five prawns were stocked in each tank of treatment 1 and 3. About 137 ± 0.36 g of biomass seaweed was stocked in the treatment 2 and 3. Prawns in prawn monoculture and integrated culture were fed twice a day at a rate of 2.5% of total body weight. The concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) discharged from the prawn monoculture increased from 0.126 to 10.98 mg/L during the experiment. The concentration of total ammonium nitrogen (TAN), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-) in the integrated culture was significantly lower at the termination of the experiment than the prawn monoculture (p≤0.05). The concentration of TAN, NO2-, NO3- and DIN in the integrated culture remained within non-toxic limits for the duration of the experiment. Integrating Sargassum sp. with prawns did not alter the specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate of the prawns (p>0.05). The mean biomass of seaweed in the integrated culture increased at the rate of 3.16 ± 0.74% g per day after 7 days of the experiment, which was significantly lower (p≤0.05) than the growth rate of the seaweed in the monoculture (5.70 ± 0.82 % g per day). The results suggest that integrating seaweed into prawn culture can benefit prawn farming by assisting in the maintenance of optimum water quality and thereby, reduce environmental impacts on surrounding areas

APPLICATION OF IMAGE-BASED HIGH CONTENT ANALYSIS FOR THE SCREENING OF BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS

Each bioactive compound induces phenotypic changes in target cells that can be made visible by labelling selected molecules of the cells with fluorescent dyes and/or directly observed under the high-throughput microscope. A comparison of the cellular phenotype induced by a compound of interest with known cellular targets allows predicting its mode of action. Over the past 15 years, high-throughput microscopy has been one of the fastest growing fields in cell biology. When combined with automated multiparametric image and data analysis, it is referred to as high-content screening (HCS). Whilst HCS has been successfully applied to the bioactivity characterization of natural products, recent studies used automated microscopy and software to increase speed and to reduce subjective interpretation. In 2017, Institute of Natural Products Chemistry (INPC-VAST) has been equipped with a HCS platform (Olympus Scan^R) that designed for fully automated image acquisition and analysis of biological samples to visually inspect the cellular morphology induced by hit compounds as well as to discriminate from false positives. Accordingly, this short review covers the concepts of HCS and its application in screening of biologically active natural products whose molecular targets could be identified through such approaches