Challenges And Opportunities For The Development Of Infrastructure After ‘Oda Graduation’ - Moving Towards Sustainable Development: Case Study Of Vietnam

The research on ODA will be focused on its relation to Goal 17, the Partnership, considered a major issue by the researchers, especially in the case of Vietnam as a developing economy. ODA was mainly used for investing in economic infrastructure when Vietnam witnessed a downfall in receiving financial aid due to its significant economic growth. ODA helped Vietnam transform from one of the world’s poorest nations into a lower middle-income country and soon, this is going to lead to the ‘ODA Graduation’. However, the process has just begun. The country is still in a process of industrialization and modernization and its socio-economic situation has not been stable or solid. By all means, ODA is not only a financial resource, it also helps the country to accomplish Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN. ‘ODA Graduation’ means that the economy of Vietnam has faced certain challenges such as increasing pressure of outbound debts; raising impact on social development or imbalance between high capital recovery investments and public-services investments. However, ‘ODA Graduation’ has brought certain opportunities such as increasing Vietnam’s independence in capital mobilization, preventing the removal of tariffs barrier, reducing losses and waste of funds. This research gives recommendations for improving Vietnam’s economic situation and can help overcome the difficulties in the period of ‘ODA Graduation’

Challenges And Opportunities For The Development Of Infrastructure After ‘Oda Graduation’ - Moving Towards Sustainable Development: Case Study Of Vietnam

The research on ODA will be focused on its relation to Goal 17, the Partnership, considered a major issue by the researchers, especially in the case of Vietnam as a developing economy. ODA was mainly used for investing in economic infrastructure when Vietnam witnessed a downfall in receiving financial aid due to its significant economic growth. ODA helped Vietnam transform from one of the world’s poorest nations into a lower middle-income country and soon, this is going to lead to the ‘ODA Graduation’. However, the process has just begun. The country is still in a process of industrialization and modernization and its socio-economic situation has not been stable or solid. By all means, ODA is not only a financial resource, it also helps the country to accomplish Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN. ‘ODA Graduation’ means that the economy of Vietnam has faced certain challenges such as increasing pressure of outbound debts; raising impact on social development or imbalance between high capital recovery investments and public-services investments. However, ‘ODA Graduation’ has brought certain opportunities such as increasing Vietnam’s independence in capital mobilization, preventing the removal of tariffs barrier, reducing losses and waste of funds. This research gives recommendations for improving Vietnam’s economic situation and can help overcome the difficulties in the period of ‘ODA Graduation’

HMU fluorinze mouthwash enhances enamel remineralization: An in vitro study

BACKGROUND: Fluoride therapy has long been used extensively to prevent dental caries. Fluoride appears in variety of dental care products such as mouthrinse, dentifrice, gel, etc. HMU fluorinze is the first mouthwash containing fluoride in Vietnam. AIM: This research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of HMU Fluorinze mouthwash on remineralizing enamel in laboratory conditions. METHODS: 20 third molars teeth were cleaned and covered with nail polish , except for a 3x3 mm square on their buccal surfaces. These teeth went through two steps: demineralization using Coke and remineralization for 20 days: 1) using standard calcifying solution (control group) and 2) using standard calcifying solution + HMU Fluorinze mouthwash 2 times/day (experimental group). The mineralization index of enamel structure after demineralization and remineralization was assessed by DIAGNOdent pen 2190. RESULTS: The mineralization indexes of the control group and experimental group at baseline were 3.65 ± 0.76 and 3.35 ± 0.64, after demineralization were in turn of 21.78 ± 4.48 and 20.25 ± 2.26; and after remineralization were 6.30 ± 1.03 and 3.90 ± 1.24. The different figures  between the two groups after remineralization shows statistical significance (p<0.01). Group B using HMU fluorinze mouthwash after 20 days did not differ from the original results (p = 0.272), in contrast with the control group (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: HMU fluorinze mouthwash has better mineralization effect than standard calcifying solution

Material Sourcing Characteristics and Firm Performance: An Empirical Study in Vietnam

With the evolution of today’s economy, supply chain management for raw materials is a complex task, but it can be simplified with the appropriate strategies. Thus, relationships between firms and suppliers have become critical for enterprise success and country development. This study investigates the effects of raw materials sources, including domestic and international ones, on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) performance. Supporting this research, all the regression models are conducted on Stata version 16.0 software with the dataset of 3485 manufacturing SMEs, utilizing longitudinal data derived from bi-annually repeated surveys of randomly selected SMEs in ten provinces in Vietnam over the period of 2011–2015. Additionally, the results of this study indicate the significant positive effects of domestic raw materials on firm performance. Meanwhile, international raw material sources present SMEs with several disadvantages in maintaining the effectiveness of SMEs’ operations. In addition, the results also highlight that the overflow of raw materials from non-state enterprises has negative effects on firm performance. Alternatively, this study aims to fill the literature gap on supply chain management to suggest to SMEs some justifiable strategies to fortify sustainable growth and the rational flow of raw materials

Material Sourcing Characteristics and Firm Performance: An Empirical Study in Vietnam

With the evolution of today’s economy, supply chain management for raw materials is a complex task, but it can be simplified with the appropriate strategies. Thus, relationships between firms and suppliers have become critical for enterprise success and country development. This study investigates the effects of raw materials sources, including domestic and international ones, on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) performance. Supporting this research, all the regression models are conducted on Stata version 16.0 software with the dataset of 3485 manufacturing SMEs, utilizing longitudinal data derived from bi-annually repeated surveys of randomly selected SMEs in ten provinces in Vietnam over the period of 2011–2015. Additionally, the results of this study indicate the significant positive effects of domestic raw materials on firm performance. Meanwhile, international raw material sources present SMEs with several disadvantages in maintaining the effectiveness of SMEs’ operations. In addition, the results also highlight that the overflow of raw materials from non-state enterprises has negative effects on firm performance. Alternatively, this study aims to fill the literature gap on supply chain management to suggest to SMEs some justifiable strategies to fortify sustainable growth and the rational flow of raw materials