Historical information aware unequal error protection of scalable HEVC/H.265 streaming over free space optical channels

Free space optical (FSO) systems are capable of supporting high data rates between fixed points in the context of flawless video communications. Layered video coding facilitates the creation of different-resolution subset layers for variablethroughput transmission scenarios. In this paper, we propose Historical information Aware Unequal Error Protection (HAUEP) for the scalable high efficiency video codec (SHVC) used for streaming over FSO channels. Specifically, the objective function (OF) of the current video frame is designed based on historical information of its dependent frames. By optimizing this OF, specific subset layers may be selected in conjunction with carefully selected forward error correction (FEC) coding rates, where the expected video distortion is minimized and the required bitrate is reduced under the constraint of a specific throughput. Our simulation results show that the proposed system outperforms the traditional equal error protection (EEP) scheme by about 4.5 dB of Eb=N0 at a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 33 dB. From a throughput-oriented perspective, HA-UEP is capable of reducing the throughput to about 30% compared to that of the EEP benchmarker, while achieving an Eb=N0 gain of 4.5 dB

Evaluation of Juglans regia L., root for wound healing via antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity

304-311The burden of the management of problematic skin wounds characterized by a compromised skin barrier is growing rapidly. There is an urgent requirement for efficient mechanism-based treatments and more efficacious drug delivery systems. The present study was aimed to examine the wound healing potential of Juglans regia L. root (JR) in rats by incision and excision wound methods via the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. We have used tensile strength and biochemical parameters for studying the wound healing properties of JR by incision wound methodology. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by the measurement of paw edema in carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats. The wound contraction area, antioxidant status, and antimicrobial studies were exhausted excision wound methodology. There was a significant decrease in percent inhibition of paw edema (0.63 ± 0.03 to 0.33 ± 0.02 after 24 h) with an increase in JR concentration. Tensile strength and hydroxyproline level of different concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, and 10% w/w) of JR ointment treated groups were found significantly (P <0.001) comparable to the reference group. Moreover, JR showed significant antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, by its ability to increase antioxidant and antimicrobial levels. In conclusion, the overall results obtained in this study clarify that JR inhibits paw edema and accelerates cutaneous wound healing

Hierarchical colour-shift-keying aided layered video streaming for the visible light downlink

Colour-shift keying (CSK) constitutes an important modulation scheme conceived for the visible light communications (VLC). The signal constellation of CSK relies on three different-color light sources invoked for information transmission. The CSK constellation has been optimized for minimizing the bit error rate, but no effort has been invested in investigating the feasibility of CSK aided unequal error protection (UEP) schemes conceived for video sources. Hence, in this treatise, we conceive a hierarchical CSK (HCSK) modulation scheme based on the traditional CSK, which is capable of generating interdependent layers of signals having different error probability, which can be readily reconfigured by changing its parameters. Furthermore, we conceived an HCSK design example for transmitting scalable video sources with the aid of a recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) code. An optimization method is conceived for enhancing the UEP and for improving the quality of the received video. Our simulation results show that the proposed optimized-UEP 16-HCSK-RSC system outperforms the traditional equal error protection scheme by ~ 1.7 dB of optical SNR at a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 37 dB, while optical SNR savings of up to 6.5 dB are attained at a lower PSNR of 36 dB

Impacts of Power Structure on Introduction of Green Store Brand

Over the past decades, the store brand has undergone a key change and achieved a remarkable improvement. Based on the industry observations, there is a wide belief that the retailers are more and more inclining to add values that cater to the consumers into their store brands. The green store brand, one kind of the burgeoning store brands, has been introduced by many retailers recently. In this paper, we investigate the conditions for retailer to introduce a green store brand and the impacts of supply chain power structure on the retailer&rsquo;s product strategy. We built and solved six game models with respect to three supply chain power structures with and without the green store brand. The results show that: (i) the threshold to introduce the green store brand is lowest in RS power structure while highest in VN power structure, and the thresholds to only sell the green store brand under different power structures are the same; (ii) the green store brand may be introduced as a profitable product that has the real sale or just a threatening tool to compel the manufacturer to make a concession in wholesale price; (iii) once the green store brand is introduced, it is always detrimental to the manufacturer regardless of power structure; (iv) the green store brand can alleviate the double marginalization effect with respect to the national brand in most cases but aggravate it if the power structure is RS, and the ratio of potential margin is relatively low

Video streaming in the multiuser indoor visible light downlink

Indoor visible light communication (VLC) using a light emitting diode (LED) transmitter provides a high-signal-to-noise (SNR) link, which is ideal for video transmission. The LED lights illuminate their own attocells and convey video streams in the downlink to multiple mobile terminals (MTs). Three different transmission schemes are considered, namely: the unity frequency reuse, the higher frequency reuse factor-based transmission, and the novel vectored transmission. We then formulate the optimization problems aiming at minimizing the video distortion. This paper commences by evaluating the performance of the MT at specific positions and continues by characterizing the peak SNR (PSNR) degradation across the room. Finally, we quantify the average performance of multiple MTs randomly walking in the room. By investigating the PSNR degradation, the video rate achieved, the energy consumed, and the effects of buffering delay on the video distortion, we demonstrate that the proposed VLC system is capable of supporting high-quality multimedia transmissions

Numerical Simulation of Copper-Aluminum Composite Plate Casting and Rolling Process and Composite Mechanism

This paper uses ANSYS Workbench platform to simulate the casting and rolling composite process, taking the horizontal type casting and rolling machine as the research object, and conducts the numerical simulation study of copper-aluminum composite solid-liquid casting and rolling heat-flow coupling, mainly to study different walking speed, aluminum pouring temperature, casting and rolling zone length, heat transfer coefficient on the temperature field, liquid phase rate influence law, and use it as a theoretical guide for copper-aluminum solid-liquid casting. The experiments of copper-aluminum solid-liquid casting-rolling composite were carried out to optimize the process parameters and to verify the experiments, so as to prepare a well-bonded copper-aluminum composite plate. The composite mechanism in the preparation of copper-aluminum composite plate was analyzed, and it was clarified that the interfacial layer was formed through four stages: contact between copper and aluminum surfaces, contact surface activation, mutual diffusion of copper and aluminum atoms, and reaction diffusion

Dataset for Hierarchical Colour-Shift-Keying Aided Layered Video Streaming for the Visible Light Downlink

Dataset supports: Zhu, C. at al (2016). Hierarchical colour-shift-keying aided layered video streaming for the visible light downlink. IEEE Access, 4, 3127-3152 Colour-shift keying (CSK) constitutes an important modulation scheme conceived for the visible light communications (VLC). The signal constellation of CSK relies on three different-colour light-sources invoked for information transmission. The CSK constellation has been optimized for minimizing the bit error rate, but no effort has been invested in investigating the feasibility of CSK aided unequal error protection (UEP) schemes conceived for video sources. Hence in this treatise, we conceive a hierarchical CSK (HCSK) modulation scheme based on the traditional CSK, which is capable of generating interdependent layers of signals having different error probability, which can be readily reconfigured by changing its parameters. Furthermore, we conceived a HCSK design example for transmitting scalable video sources with the aid of a recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) code. An optimisation method is conceived for enhancing the UEP and for improving the quality of the received video. Our simulation results show that the proposed optimized-UEP 16-HCSK-RSC system outperforms the traditional EEP scheme by about 1.7 dB of optical SNR at a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 37 dB, whilst optical SNR savings of up to 6.5 dB are attained at a lower PSNR of 36 dB.</span