P1_2 Cooked Snake Anyone?

In the video game Metal Gear Solid 4, Solid Snake, the human protagonist, traverses a corridor with wallswhich are constantly emitting deadly high energy microwaves. We estimate the power of the microwaves required to become a lethal hazard, which comes out to be 1763W

P1_1 The Chief ’s Downfall

In this paper, we calculate an estimate of the Master Chief’s vertical velocity with varying altitude and atmospheric density as he falls towards Earth in the game Halo 3. We plot the velocity over the fall as a function of time and estimate the final velocity to be 69.6ms-1

P1_6 Don't Fire Rockets in Great Glass Elevators

In Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, Willy Wonka's Great Glass Elevator, filled with 6 passengers and a bed, launches from Charlie Bucket's house in England and docks to the International Space Station. In this paper the mass of hydrogen fuel required to launch the elevator is calculated to be 37,387 kg and the feasibility of a glass elevator being launched into space is discussed

P1_5 Would You Kindly Conserve EVE?

In this paper, we investigate several plasmids from the game Bioshock. We calculate the energies required to execute these plasmids, their efficiency and also the minimum energy that would need to be contained in an EVE hypo, (2.98e16) J

Effect of low-level laser therapy (904 nm) and static stretching in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a protocol of randomised controlled trial

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent and disabling disease. It is estimated that by 2030 the prevalence of symptomatic OA could reach 30 % of the population above 60 years. This randomised controlled trial will investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and static stretching exercises, as monotherapy and in combination, on pain, quality of life, function, mobility, knee range of motion (KROM) and hamstring shortening in participants with knee OA.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud This study will involve 145 people aged 50–75 years with symptomatic-radiographic knee OA. It will consist of two types of treatments: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and stretching exercises. The patients will be randomly allocated to five groups LLLTACTIVE+Stretch, LLLTPLACEBO+Stretch, Stretch, LLLT and Control (n = 29 each). Treatment frequency will be three sessions/week for all active groups. LLLT will involve the use of a Gallium-Arsenide laser (904 nm, 40 milliwatts, 3 J/point, 27 J/knee) over 24 sessions for the monotherapy group and 9 sessions for the LLLT+Stretch groups. Stretching will consist of seven exercises completed over 24 sessions. The control group will receive a booklet. Participants will be treated for 2 months (Stretch, LLLT and Control groups) or 3 months (LLLT + Stretch groups). Participants and the outcome assessor will be blind to treatment allocation throughout the study.\ud The primary outcome is pain measured by Visual Analogue Scale. Secondary outcomes include quality of life assessed by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, function by Lequesne Algofunctional Index, mobility by Timed Up and Go Test, KROM by goniometry of knee flexion and hamstring shortening by popliteal angle. The statistical method will follow the principles of per-protocol analysis.\ud \ud \ud Discussion\ud Although exercise therapy is considered an effective treatment in patients with knee osteoarthritis, the knowledge of which exercise modalities would be the most appropriate for this population is lacking. LLLT has been used as resource to increase the effects of physical therapy. However, the specific dose and treatment frequency need to be better defined. The findings from this randomised controlled trial will provide evidence of the efficacy or otherwise, of LLLT and stretching exercises in the management of knee OA symptoms.\ud \ud \ud Trial registration\ud \ud \ud NCT01738737\ud \ud  at ClinicalTrials.gov.FAPESPCAPESCNPqServiço Especializado em Reabilitação (SER