1,758 research outputs found

    Generative landscapes: successional and equitable plant propagation on Rhode Island\u27s public lands

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    This project is about participating in the life cycles of plants in order to generate more resilient and equitable landscapes. This project proposes fun, inclusive ways for a cultural shift toward taking care of our landscapes and expanding, diversifying and deepening them. From educational programming, to seed bomb tosses, invasive scavenger hunts, named tree posts, hell strip garden beds, and more, the intent is to make land management shared, productive, and scaled to the emergency of climate change and environmental inequity

    Tragic spirit in Browning as defined by Joseph Wood Krutch

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    Thesis (Ed. M.)--Boston University, 193

    Sectionalism Before the Civil War: Justified or Not?

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    In this unit, students will learn about causes of the Civil War that impacted sectionalism, including land compromises and the Dred Scott case. They will demonstrate their understanding of major causes of the Civil War but writing and presenting a persuasive speech from the point of view of a historical figure that answers the question: Is the United States justified in starting a civil war

    Colonization: Evaluating the right of groups to settle other lands [8th grade]

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    In this unit, students will briefly review geography, including vocabulary terms, reading maps and correctly labeling maps. They will learn and analyze motives for European exploration and settlement America in the 17th century. They will learn about the French, Spanish, English, Puritans, Pilgrims, Catholics and Quakers (why each group came and where they settled). Activities include learning geography through the Zombie Apocalypse, comparing and contrasting the motives for current refugee groups and historical ones, evaluating the best push and pull factors of the 17th-century Europeans and a competitive ‘Claim the Classroom’ simulation for colonization. At the end of the unit, students will create a persuasive Prezi (online presentation tool) from the perspective of a European country. The goal of their presentation is to convince classmates to join their country on a ship to settle the New World. This unit is designed to be taught at the beginning of the year in an 8th grade scope and sequence. It will set up the colonial regions and first governments in America

    Austin (22TU549): Mississippian Emergence In the Northern Yazoo Basin

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    The Austin Site (22TU549) is a known transitional Late Woodland to early Mississippian village located in Tunica County, Mississippi. Compared with the cultural phases that have been developed in other regions the northern Yazoo Basin lacks a clearly defined “Emergent Mississippian” phase. This study examined the ceramic assemblage (n=30,567) from a 25% random sample of pit features to measure transitional change as a way to define an early Mississippian phase. It also explored the ways in which this site experiences the Mississippian transition and how it fits into the larger trajectory of the Mississippian phenomenon in the Southeastern United States based on the comparison of three “transition theory” models. From the analysis, based on cultural material and radiocarbon dates from the Austin site, an early Mississippian “Austin” phase was identified with an approximate date of A. D. 1100 to 1300. Attributes employed to measure continuity and change include, identified type-varieties, decorative and vessel modes, vessel morphology and size. Findings from the Austin site ceramic assemblage and other cultural material, provides evidence that this is an indigenous Late Woodland population that was not initially displaced or assimilated by intrusive Mississippian populations. Rather, it would appear that the Austin population’s relationship to neighboring Mississippian populations best conforms to the “independent co-existent” transition model, since they continued to retain elements of their Baytown tradition, while choosing to incorporate selected Mississippian traits into their material culture. This interval of selective incorporation allows for the definition of the Austin phase

    Body Composition and Muscular Strength in Elite Competitive Athletes and Healthy Controls Aged 65 and Older

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    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if components of body composition differ between elite competitive older athletes and community-dwelling ambulatory controls and to examine the relationships between the components of body composition and the relationship between the components and strength.Methods: One-hundred Senior Athletes from the 2005 National Senior Games and 86 healthy controls participated. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The DXA scans provided measures of bone mineral density (BMD), bone mass, mineral free lean mass percentage (MFLP), and fat mass percentage (FMP) including regional measures (trunk, legs and arms) of body composition. Isometric strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings was measured. Results: One factor ANOVAs (á=.05) were performed to assess regional FMP and regional MFLP. Controls had a significantly higher FMP in every body region than athletes. Athletes had a significantly higher MFLP of the arm and leg than controls. Correlational analyses (á=.05) were also performed to examine the relationship between MFLP and strength, MFLP and BMD, and FMP and BMD. Athletes had a stronger correlation between flexion strength values and MFLP of the leg and Controls showed a stronger correlation between extension strength values and MFLP of the leg. Significant correlations were found for the relationship between MFLP and BMD, with stronger correlations in the athlete group. Significant correlations between BMD and FMP were found in all regions except the trunk for all groups.Discussion: Our predominant findings were that, as expected, all regional measures of body fat were higher in control subjects than in athletes. This study showed that all regional measures of lean muscle mass were greater in athletes than in control subjects. This indicates that physical activity may help to prevent the decrements associated with the aging process even well in to the 7th decade of life

    The supramolecular modification of trans-resveratrol and related antioxidant molecules

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    The naturally occurring phytoalexin trans-Resveratrol (RES) is known to be a powerful antioxidant and is used as a nutraceutical. It is considered to be one of the factors contributing to the beneficial effects of red wine. The phenolic hydroxycinnamic acids caffeic acid (CAF), ferulic acid (FA), p-coumaric acid (PCA) and sinapic acid (SA) are found in a wide variety of plants and also have antioxidant activity. The acetophenone derivatives paeonol (2H4M) and vanillin (4H3M) display antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive activity. The use of these compounds as food fortifiers and nutraceuticals is limited as they exhibit adverse physical properties such as low aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. These properties may be improved by inclusion complex formation with cyclodextrins (CDs) and by cocrystallisation with generally regarded as safe (GRAS) coformers. A study of the CD complexation of RES, CAF, FA, PCA, SA, 2H4M and 4H3M was carried out both in solution and in the solid state. The solubility enhancement of the nutraceuticals by CD inclusion and by cocrystallisation was evaluated. The compounds hydrocaffeic acid (HCA), hydroferulic acid (FA), 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy acetophenone (2H5M) and 2-hydroxy-6-methoxy acetophenone (2H6M) have little or no known bioactivity but were included in the study as structural analogues for comparative purposes. Inclusion complexes were formed with the nutraceuticals and the native CDs (β- and γ-CD) by kneading and coprecipitation, as well as with methylated CDs by coprecipitation. The resulting inclusion complexes were characterised using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and hot stage microscopy (HSM). Single crystal X-ray diffraction was used to elucidate inclusion complex structures. Three novel RES inclusion complexes were formed with methylated CDs having common modes of inclusion and hydrogen bonding motifs. Inclusion complex formation with the methylated CDs also produced six new hydroxycinnamic acid complexes and five new hydroxyacetophenone complexes. While attempting to produce native CD inclusion complexes with the hydroxycinnamic acid compounds, crystals of SA were isolated, the structure of which had not been reported previously. The results of phase solubility studies revealed that, in general, CD inclusion complex formation improves the aqueous solubility of RES [randomly methylated CD (RAMEB) effecting a maximum increase of 63 times that of free RES] and hydroxycinnamic acids. The thermodynamic parameters and association constants for complexation between hydroxycinnamic acids and both β- and γ-CD were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). For β-CD a 1:1 host-guest ratio was found with association constants in the range 246-774 M⁻¹. The interactions between the guests and β-CD were found to be enthalpy-driven, except for that of SA and β-CD which was entropy-driven. With γ-CD a 1:1 host to CAF ratio was found while PCA, FA and SA interact with γ-CD in a 2:1 molar ratio. The association constants were in the range 228-543 M⁻¹. The formation of 2:1 complexes in solution was found to be enthalpy-driven while that of 1:1 complexes was entropydriven. ¹H NMR spectroscopy was used to study the interaction of the acetophenone derivatives with β- and γ-CD in solution. Job plot analyses confirmed 1:1 host-guest complex ratios. The association constants spanned the range 145-336 M⁻¹. Similarly for γ-CD, complex stoichiometries were confirmed to be 1:1 with 2H6M and 4H3M with association constants 67 and 125 M⁻¹, respectively. Eight cocrystals were prepared with hydroxycinnamic acids and the GRAS compounds nicotinamide (NIC) and isonicotinamide (ISO) by coprecipitation, and were fully characterised. Single crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of cocrystals rather than salts. Analysis using ¹H NMR spectroscopy for quantitation revealed that the aqueous solubilities of FA and PCA were enhanced approximately ten-fold when tested in the form of their cocrystals with the coformer NIC
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