Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Change in Health-Related Behaviors

How best to support change in health-related behaviors is an important public health challenge. The role of mindfulness training in this process has received limited attention. We sought to explore whether mindfulness training is associated with changes in health-related behaviors. The Health Behaviors Questionnaire was used to obtain self-reported dietary behaviors, drinking, smoking, physical activity and sleep quality before and after attendance at an eight-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program. T-test for paired data and chi-square were used to compare pre-post intervention means and proportions of relevant variables with p = .05 as level of significance. Participants (n = 174; mean age 47 years, range: 19-68; 61 % female) reported significant improvements in dietary behaviors and sleep quality. Partial changes were seen in drinking and physical activity, and no change in smoking. In conclusion, mindfulness training promotes favorable changes in selected health-related behaviors deserving further study through randomized controlled trials

Threat on the mind: The impact of incidental fear on race bias in rapid decision-making

Theories of emotion and intergroup relations predict a link between fear, outgroup perception, and behavioral intentions toward specific groups. However, surprisingly, past research has not empirically tested the impact of actually experiencing incidental fear on appraisals of in- and outgroups and socially impactful decision-making. Accordingly, the goals of this dissertation were three-fold: (1) to determine whether the experience of incidental fear increases biased decision-making targeted at racial outgroup vs. ingroup members; (2) to investigate whether some individuals are more impacted by fear than others; and (3) to explore the psychological mechanism underlying the biasing impact of fear. In Study 1, fear increased race biased decision-making for female (but not male) participants, and for those who chronically believe the world is a dangerous place. In Study 2, fear shunted attention selectively towards Black over White faces for female (but not male) participants; however, it did not produce race biased decision-making. In Study 3, fear did not modulate attention to danger-relevant stimuli or intergroup decision-making. The implications of these findings and future research directions are discussed

Laudato Si, Environmental Justice, and Care for Our Community

Moderator: Sister Leanne Jablonski, University of Dayton Presentations: On Care for Our Common Home: Laudato Si Platform (Rebecca Potter, University of Dayton) Social Ecology and Lawyering in the Anthropocene (Matthew Currie, Advocates for Basic Legal Equality; Kumar Jensen, City of Evanston, Illinois) Dayton Sustainability Plan and Engagement with Climate Justice and Resilience (Margaret A. Maloney, City of Dayton, Ohio) Fratelli Tutti: Pope Francis and the Catholic Response to Human Rights (Tiffany Hunsinger, University of Dayton) Pope Francis, Human Rights, and COVID-19 (John Sniegocki, Xavier University

Non invasive imaging assessment of the biodistribution of GSK2849330, an ADCC and CDC optimized anti HER3 mAb, and its role in tumor macrophage recruitment in human tumor-bearing mice

<div><p>The purpose of this work was to use various molecular imaging techniques to non-invasively assess GSK2849330 (anti HER3 ADCC and CDC enhanced ‘AccretaMab’ monoclonal antibody) pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in human xenograft tumor-bearing mice. Immuno-PET biodistribution imaging of radiolabeled ⁸⁹Zr-GSK2849330 was assessed in mice with HER3 negative (MIA-PaCa-2) and positive (CHL-1) human xenograft tumors. Dose dependency of GSK2849330 disposition was assessed using varying doses of unlabeled GSK2849330 co-injected with ⁸⁹Zr-GSK2849330. In-vivo NIRF optical imaging and ex-vivo confocal microscopy were used to assess the biodistribution of GSK2849330 and the HER3 receptor occupancy in HER3 positive xenograft tumors (BxPC3, and CHL-1). Ferumoxytol (USPIO) contrast-enhanced MRI was used to investigate the effects of GSK2849330 on tumor macrophage content in CHL-1 xenograft bearing mice. Immuno-PET imaging was used to monitor the whole body drug biodistribution and CHL-1 xenograft tumor uptake up to 144 hours post injection of ⁸⁹Zr-GSK2849330. Both hepatic and tumor uptake were dose dependent and saturable. The optical imaging data in the BxPC3 xenograft tumor confirmed the tumor dose response finding in the Immuno-PET study. Confocal microscopy showed a distinguished cytoplasmic punctate staining pattern within individual CHL-1 cells. GSK2849330 inhibited tumor growth and this was associated with a significant decrease in MRI signal to noise ratio after USPIO injection and with a significant increase in tumor macrophages as confirmed by a quantitative immunohistochemistry analysis. By providing both dose response and time course data from both ⁸⁹Zr and fluorescently labeled GSK2849330, complementary imaging studies were used to characterize GSK2849330 biodistribution and tumor uptake in vivo. Ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI was used to monitor aspects of the immune system response to GSK2849330. Together these approaches potentially provide clinically translatable, non-invasive techniques to support dose optimization, and assess immune activation and anti-tumor responses.</p></div

Immunohistochemistry analysis of tumors from the USPIO MRI study.

<p>Panels A and B show Prussian blue and F4/80 IHC staining for vehicle and GSK2849330 groups respectively. A region of tumor reflecting cytoplasmic iron staining coregistered with a sub population of plasma membrane F4/80 positive (F4/80+ve) cells is observed in C. The quantitative data (cells/mm²) reflects an increase in number of F4/80+ve macrophages (D) and a trend toward increased coregistered F4/80+ve macrophages with USPIO (E) in the GSK2849330 treated group compared to the vehicle group. Data is presented as mean±SEM (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0176075#pone.0176075.s005" target="_blank">S5 Table</a>). ***P<0.01: unpaired t-test (two-tailed).</p