Non-surgical treatments for androgenetic alopecia: a literature review

Androgenetic alopecia is the most common type of hair loss and affects at least 80% of men and half of women before the age of 70, with the incidence increasing with age. Androgenetic alopecia is an ailment conditioned by genetic and hormonal factors, associated with excessive stimulation of the androgen receptor in the cells of the hair follicle. With the development of medicine, more and more therapeutic methods for androgenetic alopecia appear on the market, including minoxidil, 5-α-reductase inhibitors, microneedling, platelet-rich plasma, low-energy laser therapy, rosemary oil, or siRNA. Thanks to the constantly growing amount of scientific research, progressively more is known about the mechanisms of androgenetic alopecia development and potential strategies to stop it. The article analyzes the literature using electronic databases and textbooks to compile methods that can be an effective alternative for people who do not want to undergo surgery. Some of the methods presented in the article have the potential to not only slow down, but also reverse the progression of the disease. However, each of them still has its limitations

Retzius-Sparing Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy in treatment of prostate cancer – presentation of the method and results

Background: Prostate cancer is a malignant cancer and the second most frequent malignancy in men. Millions of people are suffering from this problem across the globe. The gold standard for the treatment of this disease is considered radical prostatectomy. This method can lead to a complete cure but is not free of complications. Retzius-sparing modification of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy is a new method that can contribute to better results in faster recovery. Aim of this study: To present the difference between the Retzius-Sparing Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RS-RARP) and the Standard Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy (S-RARP) in method and results. Materials and methods: A review was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar including publications from the last 9 years. Literature was searched using the following terms: “Retzius-sparing”, “robot-assisted radical prostatectomy” and “prostate cancer”. Results and conclusion: Retzius-Sparing Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy is a relatively new method that can improve results in prostate cancer treatment. In analyzed original articles RS-RARP compared to s-RARP showed better recovery of continence and lower risk of hernia. Although there were no significant differences in postoperative sexual function, positive surgical margins, and 1-year-biochemical recurrence rate

The ketogenic diet in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental illness that manifests itself in the second or third decade of life with no coherent aspect. The primary pharmacological therapy is antipsychotic medication, which mostly work by suppressing the activity of dopamine. Unluckily, many of schizophrenic patients experience hardship from severe positive or negative symptoms that can not be completely treated with available treatment. Last theory of schizophrenia mechanism contain systemic and central proinflammatory process, in brain glutamatergic neurotransmission and impaired systemic and cerebral energy metabolism. Ketogenic diet is firm controlled high-fat, low protein, low-carbohydrate diet, with lipid to non lipid ratio 4:1. Main mechanism is to cause ketosis. The situation in which ketones bodies are used as a substrate to generate energy in the organism. It could be that a ketogenic diet could help to compensate for the imbalance of GABA levels in schizophrenic brain. The ketogenic diet as an addition to drug treatment, hopefully may offer therapeutic opportunities to better result of the disease concerning symptomatology and preventing the gain of weight, due to some medication side effects or comorbidities

Efficacy and potential use of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of uterine fibroids

Introduction: Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign gynecological tumors. Pharmacological and/or surgical treatments are frequently required, depending on the woman's desire to preserve fertility. Due to side effects caused by pharmacological and surgical treatments, there is a growing interest in a safe approach for UFs. In recent years, hypovitaminosis D is believed to be a major risk factor in the development of a tumor. Studies proved vitamin D efficacy in inhibiting UFs growth by targeting pathways involved in the regulation of various biological processes, resulting in inhibition of tumor cell division and a significant reduction in its size. Vitamin D seems to be promising, effective, and low-cost method in the management of UFs and their clinical symptoms. Aim of the study: This article reviews the state of knowledge based on available studies. The aim of the study is to present the most important informations about effectiveness and potential usage of vitamin D in prevention and treatment of uterine fibroids. Material and methods: The authors created a paper summarizing review of currently available publications based on databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar

Efficacy and potential use of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of uterine fibroids

Introduction: Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign gynecological tumors. Pharmacological and/or surgical treatments are frequently required, depending on the woman's desire to preserve fertility. Due to side effects caused by pharmacological and surgical treatments, there is a growing interest in a safe approach for UFs. In recent years, hypovitaminosis D is believed to be a major risk factor in the development of a tumor. Studies proved vitamin D efficacy in inhibiting UFs growth by targeting pathways involved in the regulation of various biological processes, resulting in inhibition of tumor cell division and a significant reduction in its size. Vitamin D seems to be promising, effective, and low-cost method in the management of UFs and their clinical symptoms. Aim of the study: This article reviews the state of knowledge based on available studies. The aim of the study is to present the most important informations about effectiveness and potential usage of vitamin D in prevention and treatment of uterine fibroids. Material and methods: The authors created a paper summarizing review of currently available publications based on databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar

The ketogenic diet in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental illness that manifests itself in the second or third decade of life with no coherent aspect. The primary pharmacological therapy is antipsychotic medication, which mostly work by suppressing the activity of dopamine. Unluckily, many of schizophrenic patients experience hardship from severe positive or negative symptoms that can not be completely treated with available treatment. Last theory of schizophrenia mechanism contain systemic and central proinflammatory process, in brain glutamatergic neurotransmission and impaired systemic and cerebral energy metabolism. Ketogenic diet is firm controlled high-fat, low protein, low-carbohydrate diet, with lipid to non lipid ratio 4:1. Main mechanism is to cause ketosis. The situation in which ketones bodies are used as a substrate to generate energy in the organism. It could be that a ketogenic diet could help to compensate for the imbalance of GABA levels in schizophrenic brain. The ketogenic diet as an addition to drug treatment, hopefully may offer therapeutic opportunities to better result of the disease concerning symptomatology and preventing the gain of weight, due to some medication side effects or comorbidities

Non-surgical treatments for androgenetic alopecia: a literature review

Androgenetic alopecia is the most common type of hair loss and affects at least 80% of men and half of women before the age of 70, with the incidence increasing with age. Androgenetic alopecia is an ailment conditioned by genetic and hormonal factors, associated with excessive stimulation of the androgen receptor in the cells of the hair follicle. With the development of medicine, more and more therapeutic methods for androgenetic alopecia appear on the market, including minoxidil, 5-α-reductase inhibitors, microneedling, platelet-rich plasma, low-energy laser therapy, rosemary oil, or siRNA. Thanks to the constantly growing amount of scientific research, progressively more is known about the mechanisms of androgenetic alopecia development and potential strategies to stop it. The article analyzes the literature using electronic databases and textbooks to compile methods that can be an effective alternative for people who do not want to undergo surgery. Some of the methods presented in the article have the potential to not only slow down, but also reverse the progression of the disease. However, each of them still has its limitations