Assessment of the Prevalence of Depression and Associated Factors in Ambo Prison, Ambo Town, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Background: It is presumed that depression is the major psychological problem among inmates as they are believed to be under an vast mental and physical stress compared to the general population.Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors in Ambo Prison, Ambo Town, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.Method: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of depression. The samples were selected by systematic random sampling technique and data was collected by using structured questionnaire in accordance with PHQ-9 screening and scoring Scale. The sample was calculated by using sample size calculating formula and correction formula. The data was coded and entered into computer and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were done for association, and finally frequencies and other descriptive statistics were computed.Result: The overall prevalence of depression among inmates was 54.4%, of which 53 (15.4%), 31 (9%), 29 (8.4%), and 74 (21.5%) met the criteria for mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression respectively. Factors associated with depression were future apprehension and the environments of the prison. However, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the strongest predictor of depression was suicidal ideation [AOR= 25.547; 95% CI: 12.166, 53.648, p<0.01].Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of depression among inmates in Ambo Prison were found to be high, in which most of them met the criteria for severe depression contributing to suicidal ideation and actual attempts. Keywords: Associated factors, Ambo, Depression, Prevalence, Severity DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/94-01 Publication date:October 31st 202

PROTOCOL: Factors influencing the implementation of non-pharmacological interventions for behaviours and psychological symptoms of dementia in residential aged care homes: A systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review. The objectives are as follows. This paper aims to describe a protocol for a systematic review that will synthesise the qualitative evidence regarding factors influencing the implementation of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) management in residential aged care homes (RACHs). The planned systematic review aims to answer the research question: ‘What are the factors influencing the implementation of NPIs in the management of BPSD at RACHs?’. Additionally, the planned systematic review also aims to generate recommendations to guide stakeholders (e.g., clinicians and aged care staff) and policymakers in the implementation of NPIs for managing BPSD at RACHs

Concordance between modification of diet in renal disease, chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration and Cockcroft-Gault equations in patients with chronic kidney disease at St. Paul’s hospital millennium medical college, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract Background The most commonly used glomerular filtration rate estimating equations for drug dosing are Cockcroft-Gault (CG), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations. However there is still a concern about whether to use MDRD and CKD-EPI interchangeably with CG for drug dosage adjustment. Methods The study was initiated to determine the concordance between MDRD, CKD-EPI and CG equations and associated factors in patients with chronic kidney disease at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC). This was a cross sectional study which involved patient chart review and physicians self-administered questionnaire. Serum creatinine level ≥ 1.2 mg/dL was used as a cutoff point in pre-selection of patients. The correctness of the drug dose prescribed for the level of renal function were compared to the drug database (Lexi-Comp) available through Up-to-date version 21.2. Results Among the total of 422 patients, 249 (59%) were males. Mean age of patients was 46.09 years. The use of MDRD equation for drug dose adjustment by physicians working in the renal clinic of SPHMMC was six out of nine physicians. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the CG with MDRD and CKD-EPI equations was r = 0.94, P  70 years was associated with discordance between CG and MDRD equations for drug dosing recommendation whereas serum creatinine 1.2–3.5 mg/dL, weight  70 years were associated with discordance between the CG with MDRD and CKD-EPI equations for FDA assigned kidney function categories. However, none of the factors associated with discordance between CG and CKD-EPI for drug dosing. Conclusion MDRD equation can be used interchangeably with CG equation for drug dosing recommended in all adult patients between the age of 18 and 70 years. CKD-EPI can be used interchangeably with CG in all adult Ethiopian patients with CKD

Additional file 2: of Concordance between modification of diet in renal disease, chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration and Cockcroft-Gault equations in patients with chronic kidney disease at St. Paul’s hospital millennium medical college, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Annex III-Consent Form. (DOCX 15 kb