4,812 research outputs found
Characterising the biofilm forming capabilities of Cystic Fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates
Considering the impact of situation-specific motivations and constraints in the design of naturally ventilated and hybrid buildings
A simple logical model of the interaction between a building and its occupants is presented based on the principle that if free to do so, people will adjust their posture, clothing or available building controls (windows, blinds, doors, fans, and thermostats) with the aim of achieving or restoring comfort and reducing discomfort. These adjustments are related to building design in two ways: first the freedom to adjust depends on the availability and ease-of-use of control options; second the use of controls affects building comfort and energy performance. Hence it is essential that these interactions are considered in the design process. The model captures occupant use of controls in response to thermal stimuli (too warm, too cold etc.) and non-thermal stimuli (e.g. desire for fresh air). The situation-specific motivations and constraints on control use are represented through trigger temperatures at which control actions occur, motivations are included as negative constraints and incorporated into a single constraint value describing the specifics of each situation. The values of constraints are quantified for a range of existing buildings in Europe and Pakistan. The integration of the model within a design flow is proposed and the impact of different levels of constraints demonstrated. It is proposed that to minimise energy use and maximise comfort in naturally ventilated and hybrid buildings the designer should take the following steps: 1. Provide unconstrained low energy adaptive control options where possible, 2. Avoid problems with indoor air quality which provide motivations for excessive ventilation rates, 3. Incorporate situation-specific adaptive behaviour of occupants in design simulations, 4. Analyse the robustness of designs against variations in patterns of use and climate, and 5. Incorporate appropriate comfort standards into the operational building controls (e.g. BEMS)
Fundamental Weights, Permutation Weights and Weyl Character Formula
For a finite Lie algebra of rank N, the Weyl orbits
of strictly dominant weights contain number of
weights where is the dimension of its Weyl group . For any
, there is a very peculiar subset for
which we always have For
any dominant weight , the elements of are called
{\bf Permutation Weights}.
It is shown that there is a one-to-one correspondence between elements of
and where is the Weyl vector of .
The concept of signature factor which enters in Weyl character formula can be
relaxed in such a way that signatures are preserved under this one-to-one
correspondence in the sense that corresponding permutation weights have the
same signature. Once the permutation weights and their signatures are specified
for a dominant , calculation of the character for
irreducible representation will then be provided by
multiplicity rules governing generalized Schur functions. The main idea is
again to express everything in terms of the so-called {\bf Fundamental Weights}
with which we obtain a quite relevant specialization in applications of Weyl
character formula.Comment: 6 pages, no figures, TeX, as will appear in Journal of Physics
A:Mathematical and Genera
On two theorems for flat, affine group schemes over a discrete valuation ring
We include short and elementary proofs of two theorems characterizing
reductive group schemes over a discrete valuation ring, in a slightly more
general context.Comment: 10 pages. To appear in C. E. J.
Non-linear Microwave Surface Impedance of Epitaxial HTS Thin Films in Low DC Magnetic Fields
We have carried out non-linear microwave (8 GHz) surface impedance
measurements of three YBaCuO thin films in dc magnetic fields
(parallel to c axis) up to 12 mT using a coplanar resonator technique. In zero
dc field the three films, deposited by the same method, show a spread of
low-power residual surface resistance, and penetration depth,
(T=15 K) within a factor of 1.9. However, they exhibit dramatically
different microwave field, dependences of the surface resistance,
, but universal dependence. Application of a dc field was
found to affect not only absolute values of and , but the functional
dependences and as well. For some of the samples
the dc field was found to decrease below its zero-field low-power value.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. To be published in IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.,
June 199
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