4,003 research outputs found
M.A.R.S: the charge ratio of muons in the range 20-500 geV/c in the vertical direction
The sae level muon charge ratio in the near vertical direction has been measured using the Durham spectrograph M.A.R.S. in the religion 10 GeV/c to about 500 GeV/c. A detailed description of the apparatus used in the experiment is given. Based on approximately 1.3 x 10(^6) particles the mean ratio, over the whole energy range is found to be l.2850 + 0.0023. This is consistent with previous measurements made with the same instrument and also with results of other workers. No evidence for pronounced maxima or minims in the ratio as a function of momentum is seen. There is however, some indication of a broad maximum in the ratio in the region 20-50 GeV/c followed by a somewhat lower ratio to about 200 GeV/c. Using data from the intersecting storage rings experiment an attempt has been made to estimate the expected muon change ratio at sea level. This estimated ratio is found to be higher than the observed value. The reasons for the discrepancy are thought to be a combination of inadequate pion production data and the effects of intranuclear cascading. Other possible causes - a breakdown in scaling and changes in the primary spectrum are also discussed
Colony-stimulating factor-1 suppresses responses to CpG DNA and expression of toll-like receptor 9 but enhances responses to lipopolysaccharide in murine macrophages
Preparation of Dicke States in an Ion Chain
We have investigated theoretically and experimentally a method for preparing
Dicke states in trapped atomic ions. We consider a linear chain of ion
qubits that is prepared in a particular Fock state of motion, . The
phonons are removed by applying a laser pulse globally to the qubits, and
converting the motional excitation to flipped spins. The global nature of
this pulse ensures that the flipped spins are shared by all the target ions
in a state that is a close approximation to the Dicke state \D{N}{m}. We
calculate numerically the fidelity limits of the protocol and find small
deviations from the ideal state for and . We have demonstrated
the basic features of this protocol by preparing the state \D{2}{1} in two
Mg target ions trapped simultaneously with an Al
ancillary ion.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
RELIABILITY OF 3D FRONTAL PLANE KNEE AB/ADDUCTION RANGE OF MOTION DURING RUNNING IN YOUNG ATHLETES
This study quantified within-session and between-session reliability of 3D frontal plane knee ab/adduction range of motion during the stance phase of running gait calculated for 18 long term athlete development programme participants (10 males and 8 females, 11.5 ±1.4 years) during two testing sessions (spaced 10 weeks apart). Average mean differences in frontal plane knee ab/adduction between running trials (for the right or left side) within a session (week 1 or week 10) ranged from 0.2 to 7.2% (ES 0.01–0.26) which were acceptable differences. However, average mean differences between sessions for running trials (for the right or left side) ranged from 0.1 to 20% (ES 0.01–0.6). The mixed model resulted in estimates of knee ab/adduction range of motion for effects of limb side (3.6°), session (2.8°), run trial (0.2°) and subjects (4.5°). Within-session ICCs ranged from 0.80 to 0.92 and between-session ICCs ranged from 0.51 to 0.73. Based on these ICCs, within-session reliability of frontal plane knee ab/adduction is good and between-session reliability is average to good
Colour Relations in Form
The orthodox monadic determination thesis holds that we represent colour relations by virtue of representing colours. Against this orthodoxy, I argue that it is possible to represent colour relations without representing any colours. I present a model of iconic perceptual content that allows for such primitive relational colour representation, and provide four empirical arguments in its support. I close by surveying alternative views of the relationship between monadic and relational colour representation
ets-2 is a target for an akt (Protein kinase B)/jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway in macrophages of motheaten-viable mutant mice
Frequency Comparison of Two High-Accuracy Al+ Optical Clocks
We have constructed an optical clock with a fractional frequency inaccuracy
of 8.6e-18, based on quantum logic spectroscopy of an Al+ ion. A simultaneously
trapped Mg+ ion serves to sympathetically laser-cool the Al+ ion and detect its
quantum state. The frequency of the 1S0->3P0 clock transition is compared to
that of a previously constructed Al+ optical clock with a statistical
measurement uncertainty of 7.0e-18. The two clocks exhibit a relative stability
of 2.8e-15/ sqrt(tau), and a fractional frequency difference of -1.8e-17,
consistent with the accuracy limit of the older clock.Comment: 4 pages, 2 tables, 3 figure
Ras-mediated phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue enhances the transactivation activities of c-Ets1 and c-Ets2
The Ras oncogene products regulate the expression of genes in transformed cells, and members of the Ets family of transcription factors have been implicated in this process. To determine which Ets factors are the targets of Ras signaling pathways, the abilities of several Ets factors to activate Ras-responsive enhancer (RRE) reporters in the presence of oncogenic Ras were examined. In transient transfection assay, reporters containing RREs composed of Ets-AP-1 binding sites could be activated 30-fold in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and 80-fold in the macrophage-like line RAW264 by the combination of Ets1 or Ets2 and Ras but not by several other Ets factors that were tested in the assay. Ets2 and Ras also superactivated an RRE composed of Ets-Ets binding sites, but the Ets-responsive promoter of the c-fms gene was not superactivated. Mutation of a threonine residue to alanine in the conserved amino-terminal regions of Ets1 and Ets2 (threonine 38 and threonine 72, respectively) abrogated the ability of each of these proteins to superactivate reporter gene expression. Phosphoamino acid analysis of radiolabeled Ets2 revealed that Ras induced normally absent threonine-specific phosphorylation of the protein. The Ras-dependent increase in threonine phosphorylation was not observed in Ets2 proteins that had the conserved threonine 72 residue mutated to alanine or serine. These data indicate that Ets1 and Ets2 are specific nuclear targets of Ras signaling events and that phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue is a necessary molecular component of Ras-mediated activation of these transcription factors
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