This paper examines the generic structure and underpinnings of Xenophon's Lacedaimonion Politeia. The Lac. has frequently been regarded as a praise or defence of Sparta yet its rhetoric and narrative structure bear little resemblance to contemporary practices for composing encomia or defense speeches. Although this does not preclude an encomiastic or defensive purpose, an examination of the type of rhetoric Xenophon employs and the narrative patterns and structures in the work reveal different generic affiliations, showing that the Lac., like many of Xenophon’s other writings, is a hybrid work with features belonging to politeia- literature and philosophical enquiry. Further, careful examination, in particular, of the way Xenophon makes use of imaginary interlocutors (a feature of both types of writing) suggests that praise cannot have been the aim of this treatise.Este artículo analiza la estructura genérica y los fundamentos de la Lacedaimonion Politeiade Jenofonte. La Lac. ha sido frecuentemente considerada como un elogio o defensa de Esparta. Sin embargo, su retórica y estructura narrativa tienen poca similitud con prácticas contemporáneas para la composición de encomios o defensas. Aun cuando esto no impide un motivo elogioso o defensivo, examinar el tipo de retórica y los patrones narrativos de Jenofonte revela distintas afiliaciones genéricas, mostrando que la Lac., al igual que muchos otros escritos de Jenofonte, es un trabajo híbrido con características de la literaturade politeiaiy de la investigación filosófica. En efecto, una cuidadosa pesquisa, en particular, de la manera en que Jenofonte utiliza interlocutores imaginarios (característica compartida por ambos tipos de escritura) sugiere que el encomio no puede haber sido el objetivo de este tratado.
Evidence links chronic inflammation with cancer, but cellular mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear. We have demonstrated that in humans, inflammatory conditions that predispose to development of skin and colon tumors are associated with accumulation in tissues of CD33(+)S100A9(+) cells, the phenotype typical for myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer or immature myeloid cells (IMCs) in tumor-free hosts. To identify the direct role of these cells in tumor development, we used S100A9 transgenic mice to create the conditions for topical accumulation of these cells in the skin in the absence of infection or tissue damage. These mice demonstrated accumulation of granulocytic IMCs in the skin upon topical application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), resulting in a dramatic increase in the formation of papillomas during epidermal carcinogenesis. The effect of IMCs on tumorigenesis was not associated with immune suppression, but with CCL4 (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 4)-mediated recruitment of IL-17–producing CD4(+) T cells. This chemokine was released by activated IMCs. Elimination of CD4(+) T cells or blockade of CCL4 or IL-17 abrogated the increase in tumor formation caused by myeloid cells. Thus, this study implicates accumulation of IMCs as an initial step in facilitation of tumor formation, followed by the recruitment of CD4(+) T cells
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ROBERT B. BRYCE. Canada and the Cost of World War II: The International Operations of Canada's Department of Finance, 1939-1947, ed. Matthew J. Bellamy. Montreal, QC and Kingston, ON: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005. Pp. xvi, 392. 49.95(CDN).ReviewedbyHectorMackenzieKENNETHSLEPYAN.Stalin′sGuerrillas:SovietPartisansinWorldWarII.Lawrence,KS:UniversityPressofKansas,2006.Pp.xi,409.34.95 (us). Reviewed by Evan Mawdsley
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LUMANS, VALDIS O. Latvia in World War II. New York, NY: Fordham University Press, 2006. Pp. xi, 547. 65.00(us).ReviewedbyDavidJ.SmithNIKOLAILITVIN.800DaysontheEasternFront:ARussianSoldierRemembersWorldWarII,trans,anded.StuartBritton.Lawrence,KS:UniversityPressofKansas,2007.Pp.xv,159.24.95 (us). Reviewed by James F. Gebhart
JEFFREY HERF. The Jewish Enemy: Nazi Propaganda during World War II and the Holocaust. Cambridge, MA and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2006. Pp. ix, 390. 29.95(us).ReviewedbySusanL.CarruthersHEIDEFEHRENBACH.RaceafterHitler:BlackOccupationChildreninPostwarGermanyandAmerica.Princeton,NJandOxford:PrincetonUniversityPress,2005.Pp.xiii,263.29.95(us). Reviewed by Donna Harsch
FRANK CAIN. Economic Statecraft during the Cold War: European Responses to the US Trade Embargo. London and New York, NY: Routledge, 2007. Pp. xii, 211. 120.00(us).ReviewedbyAlanP.DobsonBRUNELLOVIGEZZI.TheBritishCommitteeontheTheoryofInternationalPolitics(1954−1985):TheRediscoveryofHistory,trans.IanHarvey.Milan:EdizioniUnicopli,2005.Pp.xxviii,440.€30.00,paper.ReviewedbyTimDunneJAGATS.MEHTA.NegotiatingforIndia:ResolvingProblemsthroughDiplomacy(SevenCaseStudies,1958−1978).NewDelhi:Manohar,2006.Pp.296.Rs750.ReviewedbyWalterK.AndersenPATRICKJ.HANEYandWALTVANDERBUSH.TheCubanEmbargo:TheDomesticPoliticsofanAmericanForeignPolicy.Pittsburgh,PA:UniversityofPittsburghPress,2005.Pp.xi,222.24.95 (us), paper. Reviewed by Joaquín Roy
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SCOTT STRAUS. The Order of Genocide: Race, Power, and War in Rwanda. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press, 2006. Pp. xiv, 273. $27.95 (us). Reviewed by Howard Adelman
BILL ONG HING. Deporting Our So