Information on whole mitochondrial genome sequences which used for comparison.

Information on whole mitochondrial genome sequences which used for comparison.</p

Schematic phylogenetic tree for the haplotype D5a2a1.

Note: Bur: Buryat; Kaz: Kazak; Kir: Kirghiz; Tib: Tibetan; Uyg: Uyghur; The following sequences were obtained from the Phylotree Build 17.0 [46]: AP013256, AP008854, AP013197, AP010743, AP011023, AP008536, AP013256, and AP009424 are Japanese sequences; JF824956 is from China, but unknown ethnic origin; FJ383195 is from India; AY255162 is a Han Chinese sequence.</p

Mitochondrial genomes (N = 2074) from the Central Eurasia for comparative analyses.

(XLSX)</p

Schematic phylogenetic tree for the haplotype T2b.

Note: Kaz: Kazak; Hu: Hungarian; Rus: Russian; Tat: Tatar; Uyg: Uyghur; SU006 and SH105 are Jetisuu sequences; EU007872 and JQ798066 are sequences from the Phylotree Build 17.0 [46].</p

Map of Jetisuu and the sampling sites.

1. Engbekshi Kazak; 2. Talghar; 3. Ile; 4. Almati; 5. Karasay; 6. Jambil; 7. Balkash; 8. Karatal; 9. Köksuu; 10. Taldikorghan; 11. Eskeldi; 12. Kerbulak; 13. Panfilov; 14. Kegen; 15. Rayimbek.</p

Number of individuals surveyed from each of the four clans and the sampling sites.

(XLSX)</p

Schematic phylogenetic tree for the haplogroup C5 mitochondrial genomes.

Note: Alt: Altaian; Bur: Buryat; Uyg: Uyghur; Kir: Kirghiz.</p

Schematic phylogenetic tree for the haplogroup A mitochondrial genomes.

Note: Alt: Altaian; Uyg: Uyghur; Kir: Kirghiz; Hu: Hungarian.</p

Geographic distribution of the human populations included in the analysis of mitochondrial genomes from Central Eurasia and the mtGenome pairwise F_ST value based PCA.

Notes on Fig 4: Populations having more than 30 sequences were included in the PCA analysis, and thus the dataset contained 1954 sequences from previous studies (Table 3) and 120 Kazak mtGenome sequences from Jetisuu. Sample IDs of the sequences were given in S7 Table. The pseudo-mtGenomes (N = 80) were excluded from the PCA analysis. Kazak [Kazaks from Jetisuu, Kazakhstan, i.e., Jeti_Kaz on the map]; Alt_Kaz [Kazaks from the Altay Republic, Russia]; Buryat [Buryats from the Buryat Republic, Russia]; Hungarian [Hungarians from Hungary]; Kirghiz [Kirghiz from Xinjiang, China (TJ_Kir) and Kirghiz from Tajikistan (TJ_Kir)]; Russian [Russians from Russia]; Sherpa [Sherpas from Zhangmu, Tibet, China]; Tajik [Tajiks from Xinjiang, China (XJ_Taj) and Tajiks from Tajikistan (TJ_Taj)]; Tatar [Tatars from the Tatar Republic, Russia]; Tibetan [Ethnic Tibetans and other ethnic groups from Tibet, China (Tib_1–5)]; Tuba [Tubas from the Tuba/Tuva Republic, Russia]; Uyghur [Uyghurs from Xinjiang, China (Uyg_1–2)].</p

Schematic phylogenetic tree for the haplogroup C4a1 mitochondrial genomes.

Note: Alt: Altaian; Bur: Buryat; Uyg: Uyghur; Kir: Kirghiz; Tib: Tibetan.</p