POLITIK HUKUM MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI ATAS REKOGNISI PENGHAYAT KEPERCAYAAN DALAM KONTESTASI POLITIK KEWARGAAN INDONESIA

Kebebasan berkeyakinan dan beragama merupakan instrument hak asasi manusia internasional, sebagaimana juga dijamin dalam Pasal 28 E dan Pasal 29 UUD 1945. Namun dalam realitanya, Pemerintah telah melakukan diskriminasi dengan hanya memberikan pengakuan dan perlindungan terhadap enam agama: Islam, Kristen, Katolik, Budha, Hindu, dan Khonghucu, sedangkan penghayat kepercayaan terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa tidak mendapat pengakuan dan perlindungan, karena dinilia tidak “beragama”. Melalui mekanisme judicial review UU Administrasi Kependudukan, Mahkamah Konstitusi telah merekonstruksi konsep pengakuan agama dan kepercayaan dalam sistem administrasi kependudukan sebagai ruang kontestasi politik kewarganegaraan. MK menegaskan bahwa penghayat kepercayaan memiliki hak yang sama dengan penganut enam agama resmi yang ada di Indonesia dalam pemenuhan hak warga negara. Tulisan ini berupaya mengelaborasi politik hukum Mahkamah Konstitusi atas rekognisi penghayat kepercayaan dalam politik kewargaan

Constitutional Design of State Policy as Guidelines on Indonesia’s Presidential System Development Plan

After the 1945 Constitution amendment, there is a need to improve and rearrange Indonesia’s state administration system. That the State Policy Guidelines (GBHN), as a product of the People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR) Decree, is annulled has the national development planning and process lost their direction and had unclear goals. Therefore, this research elaborated further on the necessity of realizing state policy’s main points as guidance for development planning and offering ideas for the format of the presidential system design regulation following the Indonesia’s post-reform constitution. This conceptual research used a comparative constitutional approach to find an appropriate and applicable model in Indonesia context. The existing models were explored, mapped, and formulated for the most feasible model suitable for Indonesia. This study found the need for the 1945 Constitution amendment agenda to accommodate state direction as the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) concept in the 1945 Constitution of Republic of Indonesia, and for President and the Constitutional Court to support the accountability and enforcement of state laws in governmental administration

Islamic Civil Society and Constitutionalism Issues in Indonesia: Observing the Expressions of the Banyumas Muslim Community in Responding to the Dynamics of State Problems in Post-Reformation

This research seeks to map out the expressions of the Banyumas Muslim community in responding to the dynamics of state problems in post-reformation with the Big Five theory (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neurotism). This research not only maps the potential involvement of Islamic civil society, but also contributes an important perspective as an effort to stabilize society and its various social groups. The method of collecting data was by distributing purposive questionnaires collecting 165 people. All of them consisted of various Islamic community organizations. The reliability used test-retest reliability, based on Friedman's theory with the lowest limitation of 0.90. The validity used direct validity, which is based on the development of the Big Five theory by Kathrin Ackermann, with moderate adjustments and concrete adaptations, thus it can be used operationally. The results of the study show that on the one hand, they have the character of extraversion (E) which has a more conservative attitude, encourages acceptance of hierarchy, and has more high trust in institutionalized matters. But on the other hand, they tend to be openness to experience (O) characters who have a critical attitude towards political, social values, norms and authority