Quasi m-Cayley circulants

A graph ▫$Gamma$▫ is called a quasi ▫$m$▫-Cayley graph on a group ▫$G$▫ if there exists a vertex ▫$infty in V(Gamma)$▫ and a subgroup ▫$G$▫ of the vertex stabilizer ▫$text{Aut}(Gamma)_infty$▫ of the vertex ▫$infty$▫ in the full automorphism group ▫$text{Aut}(Gamma)$▫ of ▫$Gamma$▫, such that ▫$G$▫ acts semiregularly on ▫$V(Gamma) setminus {infty}$▫ with ▫$m$▫ orbits. If the vertex ▫$infty$▫ is adjacent to only one orbit of ▫$G$▫ on ▫$V(Gamma) setminus {infty}$▫, then ▫$Gamma$▫ is called a strongly quasi ▫$m$▫-Cayley graph on ▫$G$▫ .In this paper complete classifications of quasi 2-Cayley, quasi 3-Cayley and strongly quasi 4-Cayley connected circulants are given

Some conditions implying stability of graphs

A graph $X$ is said to be unstable if the direct product $X\times K_2$ (also called the canonical double cover of $X$) has automorphisms that do not come from automorphisms of its factors $X$ and $K_2$. It is non-trivially unstable if it is unstable, connected, non-bipartite, and distinct vertices have distinct sets of neighbours. In this paper, we prove two sufficient conditions for stability of graphs in which every edge lies on a triangle, revising an incorrect claim of Surowski and filling in some gaps in the proof of another one. We also consider triangle-free graphs, and prove that there are no non-trivially unstable triangle-free graphs of diameter 2. An interesting construction of non-trivially unstable graphs is given and several open problems are posed.Comment: 13 page

Stability of Cayley graphs and Schur rings

A graph $\Gamma$ is said to be unstable if for the direct product $\Gamma \times K_2$, $Aut(\Gamma \times K_2)$ is not isomorphic to $Aut(\Gamma) \times \mathbb{Z}_2$. In this paper we show that a connected and non-bipartite Cayley graph $Cay(H,S)$ is unstable if and only if the set $S \times \{1\}$ belongs to a Schur ring over the group $H \times \mathbb{Z}_2$ having certain properties. The Schur rings with these properties are characterized if $H$ is an abelian group of odd order or a cyclic group of twice odd order. As an application, a short proof is given for the result of Witte Morris stating that every connected unstable Cayley graph on an abelian group of odd order has twins (Electron.~J.~Combin, 2021). As another application, sufficient and necessary conditions are given for a connected and non-bipartite circulant graph of order $2p^e$ to be unstable, where $p$ is an odd prime and $e \ge 1$

On Almost Well-Covered Graphs of Girth at Least 6

We consider a relaxation of the concept of well-covered graphs, which are graphs with all maximal independent sets of the same size. The extent to which a graph fails to be well-covered can be measured by its independence gap, defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum sizes of a maximal independent set in $G$. While the well-covered graphs are exactly the graphs of independence gap zero, we investigate in this paper graphs of independence gap one, which we also call almost well-covered graphs. Previous works due to Finbow et al. (1994) and Barbosa et al. (2013) have implications for the structure of almost well-covered graphs of girth at least $k$ for $k\in \{7,8\}$. We focus on almost well-covered graphs of girth at least $6$. We show that every graph in this class has at most two vertices each of which is adjacent to exactly $2$ leaves. We give efficiently testable characterizations of almost well-covered graphs of girth at least $6$ having exactly one or exactly two such vertices. Building on these results, we develop a polynomial-time recognition algorithm of almost well-covered $\{C_3,C_4,C_5,C_7\}$-free graphs