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Information for the primers used in the qRT-PCR analysis. (DOCX 16 kb

Additional file 7: of De novo transcriptome and expression profile analyses of the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) reveals relevant flubendiamide response genes

Differentially expressed genes between flubendiamide-treated and control ACBs. (XLS 27928 kb

Additional file 8: of De novo transcriptome and expression profile analyses of the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) reveals relevant flubendiamide response genes

Information for the primers used in the qRT-PCR analysis. (DOCX 16 kb

Effects of Rhizosphere Microorganisms on the Uptake and Translocation of Organic Compounds in Maize Seedlings

The plant root is a key pathway to absorb insecticides from soil and is colonized by beneficial and pathogenic microbial communities. Our study demonstrated that colonizing roots by nitrogen-fixing bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri and pathogenic Fusarium graminearum and Pythium ultimum increased the uptake of insecticides into maize roots from soil. An alteration in the permeability of root cells contributed to this increased uptake. For the subsequent root-to-shoot translocation, the relationship between translocation and log P of the compound satisfied a Gaussian distribution. Relatively beneficial P. stutzeri can promote maize seedling growth and increase translocation, whereas Fusarium and Pythium pathogens can retard the seedling growth and reduce the translocation. Furthermore, the relationship between the concentration difference (difference of an insecticide from inoculation treatment to control) and log P also showed a Gaussian distribution. The maximum concentration difference from the Gaussian equation can be applied to assess the capacity of rhizosphere microorganisms to influence translocation

Additional file 5: of De novo transcriptome and expression profile analyses of the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) reveals relevant flubendiamide response genes

Carboxyl/cholinesterase nucleotide sequences of the ACB. (TXT 43 kb

Nucleotide and putative amino acid sequences of alternative exons in the <i>Of</i>RyR gene.

<p>Nucleotide and putative amino acid sequences of alternative exons in the <i>Of</i>RyR gene.</p

Molecular Cloning, Characterization and Expression Profiling of a Ryanodine Receptor Gene in Asian Corn Borer, <i>Ostrinia furnacalis</i> (Guenée)

<div><p>Ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca²⁺ release channel is the target of diamide insecticides, which show selective insecticidal activity against lepidopterous insects. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying the species-specific action of diamide insecticides, we have cloned and characterized the entire cDNA sequence of RyR from <i>Ostrinia furnacalis</i> (named as <i>Of</i>RyR). The <i>Of</i>RyR mRNA has an Open Reading Frame of 15324 bp nucleotides and encodes a 5108 amino acid polypeptide that displays 79–97% identity with other insects RyR proteins and shows the greatest identity with <i>Cnaphalocrocis medinalis</i> RyR (97%). Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the <i>Of</i>RyR was expressed at the lowest level in egg and the highest level in adult. The relative expression level of <i>Of</i>RyR in first, third and fifth-instar larva were 1.28, 1.19 and 1.99 times of that in egg. Moreover, two alternative splicing sites were identified in the <i>Of</i>RyR gene. One pair of mutually exclusive exons (a/b) were present in the central part of the predicted SPRY domain, and an optional exon (c) was located between the third and fourth RyR domains. Diagnostic PCR demonstrated that exons a and b existed in all developmental stages of <i>Of</i>RyR cDNA, but exon c was not detected in the egg cDNA. And the usage frequencies of these exons showed a significant difference between different developmental stages. These results provided the crucial basis for the functional expression of <i>Of</i>RyR and for the discovery of compound with potentially selective insect activtity.</p></div

The relative expression levels of <i>Of</i>RyR in different developmental stages of <i>O. furnacalis</i>.

<p>Data were presented as means ± SE for four independent replicates. 1st, 3rd and 5th denotes first-instar, third-instar and fifth-instar larva. Different letters above each bar indicate statistical difference by ANOVA followed by the Duncan's Multiple Comparison test (P<0.05).</p

The usage frequencies of <i>Of</i>RyR optional exon c in different developmental stages of <i>O. furnacalis</i>.

<p>Optional exon c was indicated by green bars. 1st, 3rd and 5th denotes first-instar, third-instar and fifth-instar larva. Different letters above each bar indicated statistical difference by ANOVA followed by the Duncan's Multiple Comparison test (P<0.05).</p

Positions of possible transmembrane helices.

<p>Positions of possible transmembrane helices.</p