Primary clear cell sarcoma of humerus: case report

We report a case of primary clear cell sarcoma occurring in the humerus. A 20 year old girl was referred to our hospital two years ago with painless swelling of the soft tissue surrounding the proximal right humerus. The conventional radiographic image showed an ill-defined, aggressive, osteolytic lesion associated with a partial cortical defect of the proximal right humerus. Magnetic resonance imaging found an irregularly shaped extraosseous mass extending from the proximal shaft of the right humerus, penetrating through the destroyed bone and invading the biceps brachii. After preoperative chemotherapy, a total tumor resection, internal fixation and bone cement implantation were performed. Histological studies of the resected tumor found that fibrous septa divided into well-defined nests and polygonal and fusiform cells with clear cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated strong positive cytoplasmic staining with S-100 and scattered positivity with HMB-45. These findings led to a final, definitive diagnosis of clear cell sarcoma of the humerus. After routine postoperative chemotherapy, a 2-year follow-up showed no metastasis. Our findings in this report point out that primary clear cell sarcoma can originate from within the humerus and that limb salvage surgery can obtain a good result

Unbiased subgenome evolution following a recent whole-genome duplication in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)

Following a trail of duplicated pear DNA Genomic sleuthing reveals insights into an ancestral chromosomal duplication event from the early evolution of the pear tree. Such ‘whole-genome duplication’ is common among plants, and can arise from the combination of genetic material of plants from either the same (autopolyploid) or different (allopolyploid) species. The pear is known to have undergone a duplication event 30 million years ago, and Shaoling Zhang and colleagues at Nanjing Agricultural University in China set out to assess the nature of this genome expansion. After analysis of pear genome data and comparison against other fruit plant species, the researchers determined that the pear is an autopolyploid, and that genes found in just one ‘subgenome’ have subsequently evolved expression profiles that differ noticeably from those genes that are present as multiple homologues amongst the duplicated chromosomes

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on growth and water use efficiency of winter wheat under two soil water regimes

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Kenong9204) was grown in open top chambers with either ambient or elevated CO2 concentrations (358 ± 19 [mu]mol mol-1 or 712 ± 22 [mu]mol mol-1, respectively) in well-watered or drought conditions. Although elevated CO2 did not significantly affect the height of the plants at harvest, it significantly increased the aboveground biomass by 10.1% and the root/shoot ratio by 16.0%. Elevated CO2 also significantly increased the grain yield (GY) by 6.7% when well-watered and by 10.4% when drought stressed. Specifically, in the well-watered condition, this increase was due to a greater number of ears (8.7% more) and kernels (8.6). In the drought condition, it was only due to a greater number of spikes (17.1% more). In addition, elevated CO2 also significantly increased the water use efficiency (WUE) of the plants by 9.9% when well-watered and by 13.8% under drought conditions, even though the evapotranspiration (ET) of the plants did not change significantly. Elevated CO2 also significantly increased the root length in the top half of the soil profile by 35.4% when well-watered and by 44.7% under drought conditions. Finally, elevated CO2 significantly increased the root water uptake by 52.9% when well-watered and by 10.1% under drought conditions. These results suggest that (1) future increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration may have a significant effect on wheat production in arid and semiarid areas where wheat cultivation requires upland cropping or deficit irrigation; (2) wheat cultivars can be developed to have more tillers and kernels through selective breeding and field management; and (3) fertilizer and water management in topsoil will become increasingly important as atmospheric CO2 concentration rises.Elevated CO2 concentration Grain yield (GY) Water use efficiency (WUE) Root/shoot ratio (RSR) Root distribution Soil water depletion (SWD)

Insights into Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction in Ionic Liquids: Carbon Dioxide Activation and Selectivity Tailored by Ionic Microhabitat

Electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into high value-added products is a potential solution to a reduction in CO2 levels and its utilization. One major challenge is the lack of an efficient system that can highly selectively reduce CO2 into desirable products with low energy consumption. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been used as electrolytes for the electroreduction of CO2, and it has been proven that the CO2-cation complex results in a low-energy pathway. In this work, an ionic microhabitat (IMH) has been built for CO2 electroreduction, and a novel anion-functionalized IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 1,2,4triazolide ([Bmim][124Triz]), has been designed as the reaction medium. The results showed that the IMH played a key role in enhancing the performance of CO2 electroreduction, especially in dominating the product selectivity, which is recognized to be a great challenge in an electroreduction process. New insights into the role of the IMH in higher CO2 solubility, bending linear CO2 by forming the [124Triz]-CO2- adduct, and transferring activated CO2 into the cathode surface easily were revealed. The Faradaic efficiency for formic acid is as high as 95.2%, with a current density reaching 24.5mAcm(-2). This work provides a promising way for the design of robust and highly efficient ILs for CO2 electroreduction

Research on pathfinding cognition in complex underground public space utilizing eye movement and EEG synchronous detection

The complex underground public space brings challenge on pathfinding cognition. This research took Luoxiong Road Station in Wuhan as experimental site, using eye movement and electroencephalogram (EEG) synchronous detection, through pathway analysis and space-time fault method, exploring relationship between pathfinding cognition and complex underground public space. It was found that pathfinding habits and pathfinding decision-making were mainly affected by personal factors and environmental factors, respectively. Pathfinders influenced by personal factors, had behaviors such as left-walking or right-walking tendency, and the ratio of brain wave β/α was low (impression ratio ≤1). Pathfinders influenced by environmental factors, interested in the other side situation, vertical traffic and so on, and the ratio of brain wave β/α was high (impression ratio >1), with the frontal and parietal occipital lobe regions of brain being more active. These conclusions provided theoretical and data supplements for underground rail transit environment optimizing design in future

Multi-hierarchical profiling the structure-activity relationships of engineered nanomaterials at nano-bio interfaces

Increasing concerns over the possible risks of nanotechnology necessitates breakthroughs in structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) at nano-bio interfaces. However, current nano-SARs are often based on univariate assessments and fail to provide tiered views on ENM-induced bio-effects. Here we report a multi-hierarchical nano-SAR assessment for a representative ENM, Fe2O3, by metabolomics and proteomics analyses. The established nano-SAR profile allows the visualizing of the contributions of seven basic properties of Fe2O3 to its diverse bio-effects. For instance, although surface reactivity is responsible for Fe2O3-induced cell migration, the inflammatory effects of Fe2O3 are determined by aspect ratio (nanorods) or surface reactivity (nanoplates). These nano-SARs are examined in THP-1 cells and animal lungs, which allow us to decipher the detailed mechanisms including NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-dependent signaling. This study provides more insights for nano-SARs, and may facilitate the tailored design of ENMs to render them desired bio-effects

High-Performance Photoresistors Based on Perovskite Thin Film with a High PbI₂ Doping Level

We prepared high-performance photoresistors based on CH3NH3PbI3 films with a high PbI2 doping level. The role of PbI2 in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin film was systematically investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, and photoconductive atomic force microscope. Laterally-structured photodetectors have been fabricated based on CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films deposited using precursor solution with various CH3NH3I:PbI2 ratios. Remarkably, the introduction of a suitable amount of PbI2 can significantly improve the performance and stability of perovskite-based photoresistors, optoelectronic devices with ultrahigh photo-sensitivity, high current on/off ratio, fast photo response speed, and retarded decay. Specifically, a highest responsivity of 7.8 A/W and a specific detectivity of 2.1 × 1013 Jones with a rise time of 0.86 ms and a decay time of 1.5 ms have been achieved. In addition, the local dependence of photocurrent generation in perovskite thin films was revealed by photoconductive atomic force microscopy, which provides direct evidence that the presence of PbI2 can effectively passivate the grain boundaries of CH3NH3PbI3 and assist the photocurrent transport more effectively

Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection among women aged 30–65 years in Xi’an, China: a population-based study of 14,655 women

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide in terms of both incidence and mortality. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as a cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer. The distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes varies regionally. To acquire baseline data on the population-based prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of HPV infection among women in Xi’an, China. The study was conducted from September 2018 to December 2020. A total of 14,655 women aged 30–65 years were screened. The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 13.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.0–14.1%), with 10.4% of participants being positive for a single HPV type and 3.1% being positive for multiple HPV types. The prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV), low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) and mixed HPV infection was 10.1% (95% CI: 9.6–10.5%), 2.2% (95% CI: 2.0–2.4%), and 1.3% (95% CI: 1.1–1.5%), respectively. The five most frequently detected HR-HPV types were types 52 (2.6%), 16 (1.9%), 53 (1.8%), 58 (1.4%), and 51 (0.9%). The most frequently detected LR-HPV type was HPV-42 (1.1%). The prevalence and HPV genotype distribution varied by region and age. Age-specific HPV prevalence peaked in the over 60 years age group (18.8%), and Beilin District had the highest HPV prevalence (18.1%). The results of this first population-based study provide a reference for HPV-based cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination programs in Xi’an