2D and 3D analysis of invasion and metastasis of NPC cells 48 h after inoculation.

<p>A: Invasion of HONE1-GFP cells through the basement membrane and toward the lower site of CAM, especially in 3D imaging. Invasive depth is shown in the Z-axis. B: Metastasis of HONE1-GFP cells via the blood system. Representative bright-field (DIC), green fluorescent (GFP) and overlay (Merge) images. Magnification, ×40.</p

Histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry staining of xenografts.

<p>A-C: H&E staining of derived xenografts 120 h after inoculation with 1×10⁶ 5-8F cells or primary tumors. Representative images are shown. D-F: IHC staining of human CK34βE12. Magnification, ×400.</p

Quantification of disseminating NPC cells in CAM.

<p>Number of circulating 5-8F and 6-10B cells in the lung and heart of developing chicken evaluated by β-globin–based qPCR and expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5 for each cell line). * <i>P</i><0.05.</p

Tumor xenografts in chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) inoculated with NPC cells or tumor biopsies.

<p>CAMs inoculated with 0.5×10⁶ or 1×10⁶ 5-8F cells and NPC primary tumors at 24 and 120 h after inoculation. Representative data are shown.</p

Clinical features of NPC patients participated in this study.

<p>^a: NPC patients involved in this study.</p><p>^b: M, male; F, female.</p><p>^c: WHO histopathological classification of NPC (2005), A: keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma; B1: differentiated non-keratinizing carcinoma; B2: undifferentiated non-keratinizing carcinoma; C: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma.</p><p>^d: The TNM clinical classification for NPC according to AJCC staging, 7th Edition. T-Primary tumor; N-Regional lymph nodes; M-Distant metastasis.</p><p>Clinical features of NPC patients participated in this study.</p

EBV load and VCA/IgA titers in males and females.

<p>Nasopharyngeal EBV load and serum VCA/IgA titers by gender and age groups. (a) Mean EBV load in females was higher than that of males by different age groups; EBV load increased with age in both genders. (b) There was no difference in VCA/IgA titers between males and females in different age groups; VCA/IgA titers increased with age in both males and females.</p

Nasopharyngeal EBV DNA load and serum VCA/IgA titers in seropositive high-risk population.

<p>EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; VCA, viral capsid antigen; SD, standard deviation; (+), positive; (-), negative.</p><p>Nasopharyngeal EBV DNA load and serum VCA/IgA titers in seropositive high-risk population.</p

Diagnostic performance of EBV load and VCA/IgA titers.

<p>Cut-off values (COV) and areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of EBV load and VCA/IgA titers. (a) The optimal COV for EBV load was mean plus 2 standard deviations (i.e. 4.7×10⁵ copies/swab); (b) The best COV for VCA/IgA titers was mean plus standard deviation (i.e. 1:20); (c) The ROC curve indicated that EBV load had a better diagnostic value than VCA/IgA titers; the area under the curve of EBV load was larger than VCA/IgA titers.</p