The global attractors and dimensions estimation for the Kirchho type wave equations with nonlinear strongly damped terms

This paper studies the long time behavior of the solution to the initial boundaryvalue problems for a class of strongly damped Kirchho type wave equations:utt "1ut + j ut jp1 ut + j u jq1 u (kruk2)u = f(x):Firstly, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution by priori estimate and the Galerkin method. Then we obtain to the existence of the global attractor. Finally, we consider that the estimation of the upper bounds of Hausdor and fractal dimensionsfor the global attractor is obtained

The global attractors and exponential attractors for a class of nonlinear damping Kirchhoff equation

This paper consider the long time behavior of a class of nonlinear damped Kirchhoff equation    2 tt 1 t t u u u u u f x ï² ï€«ï¡ ï€­ï§ï„  ï¡ ï€«ï¢ ïƒ‘ ï„ ï€½ . Study the attractor problem with initial boundary value conditions, then using priori estimate and the Galerkin method prove existence and uniqueness of solution, we obtain to the existence of the global attractors. The squeezing property of the nonlinear semi-group associated with this equation and the existence of exponential attractors are also proved

Audit committee, board of director characteristics and financial reporting quality

This study examines whether audit committees and board of director characteristics are related to financial reporting quality. In this study, earnings management as one of the factors of financial reporting quality, is chosen to represent the quality of financial reporting. The earnings management in this study is proxied by abnormal accruals. In this study, board characteristics including board independence, board size, board duality and board meeting frequency are chosen to test the impacts on abnormal accruals. Audit committees characteristics including audit committee independence and audit committee financial expert are chosen to test whether they have impacts on abnormal accruals. The study is going to research companies in the UK, so the data is chosen from Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index (FTSE 100). As this study aims to research the recent years’ results, the most recent available data from 2014 to 2015 is used. There are 198 firm-year observations with available data to calculate the abnormal accruals which are the indicators of financial reporting quality. The data of independent variables is collected from the Datastream and some variables are collected from the financial statements of the sample companies. The results of the regression in this study are that board duality, board meeting frequency, firm size, loss and cash flow are significantly related to abnormal accruals. Board duality is negatively related to abnormal accruals. Board meeting frequency is also negatively related to abnormal accruals. These results suggest that a company without board duality may have higher financial reporting quality than that with board duality, and the more frequently board of directors meet, the less abnormal accruals are, which will results in higher financial reporting quality. On the other hand, the control variables including firm size, loss and cash flow are all negatively related to abnormal accruals as well

Approximate Inertial Manifold for a Class of the Kirchhoff Wave Equations with Nonlinear Strongly Damped Terms

Abstract This paper is devoted to the long time behavior of the solution to the initial boundary value problems for a class of the Kirchhoff wave equations with nonlinear strongly damped terms: stly, in order to prove the smoothing effect of the solution, we make efficient use of the analytic property of the semigroup generated by the principal operator of the equation in the phase space. Then we obtain the regularity of the global attractor and construct the approximate inertial manifold of the equation. Finally, we prove that arbitrary trajectory of the Kirchhoff wave equations goes into a small neighbourhood of the approximate inertial manifold after large time

CCL4 participates in the reprogramming of glucose metabolism induced by ALV-J infection in chicken macrophages

Interferon and chemokine-mediated immune responses are two general antiviral programs of the innate immune system in response to viral infections and have recently emerged as important players in systemic metabolism. This study found that the chemokine CCL4 is negatively regulated by glucose metabolism and avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection in chicken macrophages. Low expression levels of CCL4 define this immune response to high glucose treatment or ALV-J infection. Moreover, the ALV-J envelope protein is responsible for CCL4 inhibition. We confirmed that CCL4 could inhibit glucose metabolism and ALV-J replication in chicken macrophages. The present study provides novel insights into the antiviral defense mechanism and metabolic regulation of the chemokine CCL4 in chicken macrophages

SY18ΔL60L: a new recombinant live attenuated African swine fever virus with protection against homologous challenge

IntroductionAfrican swine fever (ASF) is an acute and highly contagious disease and its pathogen, the African swine fever virus (ASFV), threatens the global pig industry. At present, management of ASF epidemic mainly relies on biological prevention and control methods. Moreover, due to the large genome of ASFV, only half of its genes have been characterized in terms of function.MethodsHere, we evaluated a previously uncharacterized viral gene, L60L. To assess the function of this gene, we constructed a deletion strain (SY18ΔL60L) by knocking out the L60L gene of the SY18 strain. To evaluate the growth characteristics and safety of the SY18ΔL60L, experiments were conducted on primary macrophages and pigs, respectively.ResultsThe results revealed that the growth trend of the recombinant strain was slower than that of the parent strain in vitro. Additionally, 3/5 (60%) pigs intramuscularly immunized with a 105 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) of SY18ΔL60L survived the 21-day observation period. The surviving pigs were able to protect against the homologous lethal strain SY18 and survive. Importantly, there were no obvious clinical symptoms or viremia.DiscussionThese results suggest that L60L could serve as a virulence- and replication-related gene. Moreover, the SY18ΔL60L strain represents a new recombinant live-attenuated ASFV that can be employed in the development of additional candidate vaccine strains and in the elucidation of the mechanisms associated with ASF infection

Audit committee, board of director characteristics and financial reporting quality

This study examines whether audit committees and board of director characteristics are related to financial reporting quality. In this study, earnings management as one of the factors of financial reporting quality, is chosen to represent the quality of financial reporting. The earnings management in this study is proxied by abnormal accruals. In this study, board characteristics including board independence, board size, board duality and board meeting frequency are chosen to test the impacts on abnormal accruals. Audit committees characteristics including audit committee independence and audit committee financial expert are chosen to test whether they have impacts on abnormal accruals. The study is going to research companies in the UK, so the data is chosen from Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index (FTSE 100). As this study aims to research the recent years’ results, the most recent available data from 2014 to 2015 is used. There are 198 firm-year observations with available data to calculate the abnormal accruals which are the indicators of financial reporting quality. The data of independent variables is collected from the Datastream and some variables are collected from the financial statements of the sample companies. The results of the regression in this study are that board duality, board meeting frequency, firm size, loss and cash flow are significantly related to abnormal accruals. Board duality is negatively related to abnormal accruals. Board meeting frequency is also negatively related to abnormal accruals. These results suggest that a company without board duality may have higher financial reporting quality than that with board duality, and the more frequently board of directors meet, the less abnormal accruals are, which will results in higher financial reporting quality. On the other hand, the control variables including firm size, loss and cash flow are all negatively related to abnormal accruals as well

A Semantic-Based Methodology to Deliver Model Views of Forward Design for Prefabricated Buildings

Contemporary engineering in the construction field has put forward higher requirements on the value utilization of building information models, and as the prefabricated building is the core of construction industrialization, using BIM (Building Information Model) technology to realize the forward design of prefabricated buildings and maximize the value of BIM is in urgent demand in the current construction industry. However, in the application process of forward design, there is a lack of standardized implementation guidance and mature technical support, leading to many problems such as a redundancy of model information, heterogeneity of data information, and low efficiency of transmission. Based on this, this paper proposes a model view delivery method of forward design for prefabricated buildings. Firstly, a simplified assembly model and an assembly knowledge model are designed and extended with IFC (Industry Foundation Classes), then we realize the knowledge visualization expression by combining with an ontology semantic system. For the model view of a prefabricated building domain, this paper realizes the reusable concept module by ontology IDM (Information Delivery Manual) and properties selection of knowledge graphs, and then completes the model view delivery through data mapping and IfcDoc (Ifc Documentation Generator) tool output. Finally, the implementation model of information delivery management for forward design is built with model view delivery as the central link

A Semantic-Based Methodology to Deliver Model Views of Forward Design for Prefabricated Buildings

Contemporary engineering in the construction field has put forward higher requirements on the value utilization of building information models, and as the prefabricated building is the core of construction industrialization, using BIM (Building Information Model) technology to realize the forward design of prefabricated buildings and maximize the value of BIM is in urgent demand in the current construction industry. However, in the application process of forward design, there is a lack of standardized implementation guidance and mature technical support, leading to many problems such as a redundancy of model information, heterogeneity of data information, and low efficiency of transmission. Based on this, this paper proposes a model view delivery method of forward design for prefabricated buildings. Firstly, a simplified assembly model and an assembly knowledge model are designed and extended with IFC (Industry Foundation Classes), then we realize the knowledge visualization expression by combining with an ontology semantic system. For the model view of a prefabricated building domain, this paper realizes the reusable concept module by ontology IDM (Information Delivery Manual) and properties selection of knowledge graphs, and then completes the model view delivery through data mapping and IfcDoc (Ifc Documentation Generator) tool output. Finally, the implementation model of information delivery management for forward design is built with model view delivery as the central link