Values of the Shannon-Wiener index of microbes in treated soils inoculation with strain CHL1 (b) or not (a).

<p>Symbols represent the mean of triplicate samples and error bars indicate the standard deviation. S₁₀, S₃₀, S₅₀, S₁₀₀, S₁₀₀₀ mean 10, 30, 50, 100, 1000μg kg^-1 chlorimuron-ethyl treatment group, respectively. ‘-’ indicates without strain CHL1 inoculation; ‘+’ indicates inoculation with strain CHL1.</p

Targeting strategy and generation of Sidt2 conditional knockout mice.

<p>(A) Schematic of the gene targeting strategy. The neomycin resistance cassette and flanked LoxP1 sequences were inserted into intron 1 for positive selection. The second LoxP2 sequences were inserted into intron 2. (B) The results of PCR genotyping. Primers 5 and 6 were used for the genotyping of floxed mice Sidt2^F/+, Sidt2^{F/+: Cre} (Sidt2^+/−) and WT (Sidt2^+/+). Primers 7 and 8 were used to differentiate Sidt2^−/+, Sidt2^−/−, Sidt2^+/+ and Sidt2^F/F, while the primers 9 and 10 were used to confirm Cre deletion. (C) RT-PCR analysis of Sidt2 mRNA (extracted from tail tissue). (D) Sidt2 mRNA detection in various tissues with β-actin loaded as an internal control. (E) Western blot analysis of Sidt2 protein in the liver of KO mice with GAPDH loaded as an internal control. (F) Appearance of mice at birth and as adults. (G) Body weight change of Sidt2^−/− mice (n = 35–50).</p

The degradation of chlorimuron-ethyl in treated soils.

<p>Values represent the mean (±SD) of three replicates.</p><p>*S₁₀, S₃₀, S₅₀, S₁₀₀, S₁₀₀₀ mean 10, 30, 50, 100, 1000μg kg^-1 chlorimuron-ethyl treatment group, respectively. ‘-’ indicates without strain CHL1 inoculation; ‘+’ indicates inoculation with strain CHL1.</p><p>The degradation of chlorimuron-ethyl in treated soils.</p

Values of bacteria, fungi and the rate of bacteria and fungi in treated soils inoculation with strain CHL1 (b, d, f) or not (a, c, e).

<p>Symbols represent the mean of triplicate samples and error bars indicate the standard deviation. S₁₀, S₃₀, S₅₀, S₁₀₀, S₁₀₀₀ mean 10, 30, 50, 100, 1000μg kg^-1 chlorimuron-ethyl treatment group, respectively. ‘-’ indicates without strain CHL1 inoculation; ‘+’ indicates inoculation with strain CHL1.</p

Multivariate analysis of variance by three-way ANOVA of the sum of all PLFAs, ratios of GN/GP and bacteria/fungi, the stress level and the Shannon index.

<p>*The categorical factors are inoculation with strain CHL1, treatment (S₀, S₁₀, S₃₀, S₅₀, S₁₀₀, S₁₀₀₀), incubation time (1, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60 days). Presented are the F-values with the level of significance.</p><p>Multivariate analysis of variance by three-way ANOVA of the sum of all PLFAs, ratios of GN/GP and bacteria/fungi, the stress level and the Shannon index.</p

Increased insulin protein level in Sidt2^−/− mice.

<p>(A) H&E staining of islets in pancreatic sections. Bars: 1 mm. (B) The percentage of three islet types. Quantity of 636 islets from three Sidt2 −/− mice and 872 islets from <u>four</u> Sidt2 +/+ mice were determined. Total islets quantities is presented as mean ± SEM. ** P<0.01. (C) mRNA (left) and Western blot (right) analysis of insulin expression in the islets. The glucagon mRNA was also analyzed (left). * P<0.05, n = 12. (D) Immunofluorescence staining for insulin (green), glucagon (red) and DAPI (blue) in pancreatic sections. (E) Histogram showing the relative insulin expression levels calculated by the fluorescence signals in Panel D. * P<0.05, n = 4–6. (F) Count of beta cells. (G) TEM images of β-cells.</p

Blood glucose changes in Sidt2^−/− mice at different ages.

<p>(A) Random blood glucose levels in 2–16 weeks of age (n = 10–12). (B) Fasting blood glucose levels in the two groups at different age (n = 10–15, fasting overnight). (C) IPGTT at 4 weeks old (n = 8). (D) IPGTT at 8 weeks of age (n = 12). (E)AUC_{0–120 min} of the blood glucose shown in panel C and D. (F) Plasma insulin level after glucose stimulation intraperitoneally at 1.5 g/kg body weight. Data is presented as mean ± SEM (n = 7–9). All values are the means ± SEM. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01.</p

Values of total PLFAs biomass in treated soils inoculation with strain CHL1 (b) or not (a).

<p>Symbols represent the mean of triplicate samples and error bars indicate the standard deviation. S₁₀, S₃₀, S₅₀, S₁₀₀, S₁₀₀₀ mean 10, 30, 50, 100, 1000μg kg^-1 chlorimuron-ethyl treatment group, respectively. ‘-’ indicates without strain CHL1 inoculation; ‘+’ indicates inoculation with strain CHL1.</p

Values of Gram negative bacteria (GN), Gram positive bacteria (GP) and the rate of GN and GP in treated soils inoculation with strain CHL1 (b, d, f) or not (a, c, e).

<p>Symbols represent the mean of triplicate samples and error bars indicate the standard deviation. S₁₀, S₃₀, S₅₀, S₁₀₀, S₁₀₀₀ mean 10, 30, 50, 100, 1000μg kg^-1 chlorimuron-ethyl treatment group, respectively. ‘-’ indicates without strain CHL1 inoculation; ‘+’ indicates inoculation with strain CHL1.</p

PCA plot of the microbial community structure of all treatments on days 7, 30 and 60.

<p>S₀, S₁₀, S₃₀, S₅₀, S₁₀₀ and S₁₀₀₀ mean 0, 10, 30, 50, 100 and 1000μg kg^-1 chlorimuron-ethyl treatment group, respectively. ‘-’ indicates without strain CHL1 inoculation; ‘+’ indicates inoculation with strain CHL1.</p