Non-traditional stable isotope behaviors in immiscible silica-melts in a mafic magma chamber

Non-traditional stable isotopes have increasingly been applied to studies of igneous processes including planetary differentiation. Equilibrium isotope fractionation of these elements in silicates is expected to be negligible at magmatic temperatures (δ57 Fe difference often less than 0.2 per mil). However, an increasing number of data has revealed a puzzling observation, e.g., the δ57 Fe for silicic magmas ranges from 0‰ up to 0.6‰, with the most positive δ57 Fe almost exclusively found in A-type granitoids. Several interpretations have been proposed by different research groups, but these have so far failed to explain some aspects of the observations. Here we propose a dynamic, diffusion-induced isotope fractionation model that assumes Si-melts are growing and ascending immiscibly in a Fe-rich bulk magma chamber. Our model offers predictions on the behavior of non-traditional stable isotope such as Fe, Mg, Si, and Li that are consistent with observations from many A-type granitoids, especially those associated with layered intrusions. Diffusion-induced isotope fractionation may be more commonly preserved in magmatic rocks than was originally predicted

“被叙述的自身”――利科叙事身份/认同概念浅析

自20世纪90年代以来，身份问题已发展为批评理论界所关注的热点问题。某种意义上，身份问题由“去中心化”的主体性问题演变而来。鉴于主体哲学中“受伤的我思”的困境，世界著名现象学诠释学家保罗·利科于1985年首次提出叙事身份/认同的重要概念，并分别在1986年和1988年继续展开详细讨论。在众多的主体性或身份研究中，利科的立场可谓独树一帜：1）突显出叙事在主体构建过程中不可或缺的功能；2）对身份/认同概念内在蕴含的“相同性”和“自身性”进行区分，并藉由两者间的辩证关系来化解身份研究中存在的某种混沌局面；3）肯定伦理维度在身份问题中的重要性。本研究旨在对这一重要概念的背景、内涵、特征和局限做出解析。The problem of identity, which proceeded from the problem of the “de-centered” subject to some degree, has become a hot spot that attracts the major attention in the domain of various critical theories since the 1990s. In 1985, regarding the dilemma of “the wounded cogito” in the field of the philosophies of the subject, Paul Ricoeur, the world-famous phenomenological hermeneutist, proposed the significant notion of “narrative identity” for the first time. After that, the year of 1986 and that of 1988 witnessed his continuous explication on this notion. Among the numerous and diverse investigations on subjectivity or those on identity, his position appears quite unique: 1) to emphasizes the function of narrative in subject-constituting process; 2) to maintain the distinction between “identity as sameness” and “identity as selfhood” and to explore the dialectic between them in order to resolve the confusion in the paradoxes of identity; 3) to affirm the significance of the ethical dimension in the notion. This study aims at analyzing and explicating the background, connotation, peculiarity, and limits of Ricoeur’s significant notion of “narrative identity”

Locally Responsive Public Open Space Design: Special Reference to Beijing, China

Foreign design ideas and the impact of globalization have long played a strong role in creating and reshaping local urban forms in the past few decades in China. This is especially evident in public open spaces in many Chinese cities due to rapid economic development. Recent urban projects in Beijing specifically have shown limited responsiveness to local context and needs of users. This is due to a political focus on financial returns, and has resulted in the proliferation of homogeneous ‘anywhere places’. Therefore, the aim of this research is to develop a conceptual framework and methodology for defining principles for locally responsive public open spaces in Beijing. The conceptual framework developed for this study is based on a review of key literature from both global and local sources, to define locally responsive public open spaces in the context of Beijing. Furthermore, the methodology establishes the relationship between traditional philosophies and contemporary thinking, and integrates urban morphology and other methods into the process. Eleven areas were visited and three neighbourhoods were chosen to study local perceptions of public open spaces across historical, early modern and contemporary scenarios. 90 residents and key decision makers were involved for identifying the needs and interests of various urban actors that make them possible to explore relevant topics through case study and different stages of developments in the city. By employing an Inquiry by Design approach, the proposals were developed and tested with key decision makers in order to formulate final recommendations. The research findings define the intrinsic meanings of public open space in the specific case of Beijing. They provide a set of recommendations to achieve local responsive public open spaces at different morphological layers and types of open spaces. Finally, they establish new conceptualisations of local responsiveness and methodologies based on the unique Chinese context. Therefore, the main contributions to the knowledge are the conceptual framework for exploration of locally responsive public open space design, and a methodology for investigating the qualities and levels of local responsiveness in these spaces. Both of which are potentially transferable to other Chinese cities that seek guidance on addressing issues in similar urban forms

Hide and Seek (HaS): A Lightweight Framework for Prompt Privacy Protection

Numerous companies have started offering services based on large language models (LLM), such as ChatGPT, which inevitably raises privacy concerns as users' prompts are exposed to the model provider. Previous research on secure reasoning using multi-party computation (MPC) has proven to be impractical for LLM applications due to its time-consuming and communication-intensive nature. While lightweight anonymization techniques can protect private information in prompts through substitution or masking, they fail to recover sensitive data replaced in the LLM-generated results. In this paper, we expand the application scenarios of anonymization techniques by training a small local model to de-anonymize the LLM's returned results with minimal computational overhead. We introduce the HaS framework, where "H(ide)" and "S(eek)" represent its two core processes: hiding private entities for anonymization and seeking private entities for de-anonymization, respectively. To quantitatively assess HaS's privacy protection performance, we propose both black-box and white-box adversarial models. Furthermore, we conduct experiments to evaluate HaS's usability in translation and classification tasks. The experimental findings demonstrate that the HaS framework achieves an optimal balance between privacy protection and utility

Clinical Study on the Prevention of Oxaliplatin-Induced Neurotoxicity with Guilongtongluofang: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Objective. Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity continues to be a kind of frequent dose-limiting toxicity for many cancer patients. This study evaluated the preventive effects of Guilongtongluofang on peripheral neurotoxicity induced by oxaliplatin in patients with colorectal tumor. Patients and Methods. From May 2007 to May 2011, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 120 patients of colorectal cancer treated with adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy were randomly enrolled into the trial group and the control group. The trial group received Guilongtongluofang (at a dose of 200 mL once a day) from 3 days prior to chemotherapy. The control group received a placebo from 3 days prior to chemotherapy. Every 2-week cycle, neurotoxicity was evaluated using numeric rating scale for pain intensity and experienced relief. The primary endpoint was efficacy measurement which included oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity and tumor response. The differences of side effects between the two groups were also analyzed. Results. The percentage of grades 1-2 neurotoxicity was significantly lower in the trial group than that in the control group (13.3% versus 20.0%; P0.05). Conclusion. This study provides evidence that Guilongtongluofang is a promising drug for the prevention of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity in patients with colorectal cancer, and it does not reduce the efficacy of oxaliplatin

Automated Detection and Characterization of Cracks on Concrete using Laser Scanning

Accurate crack detection and characterization on concrete are essential for the maintenance, safety, and serviceability of various infrastructures. In this paper, an innovative approach was developed to automatically measure the cracks from 3D point clouds collected by a phase-shift terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) (FARO Focus3D S120). The approach integrates several techniques to characterize the cracks, which include the deviation on point normal determined using k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and principal components analysis (PCA) algorithms to identify the cracks, and principal axes and curve skeletons of cracks to determine the projected and real dimensions of cracks, respectively. The coordinate transformation was then performed to estimate the projected dimensions of cracks. Curve skeletons and cross sections of cracks were extracted to represent the real dimensions. Two cases of surface cracks were used to validate the developed approach. Because of the differences in definitions of the crack dimension in the three methods and due to the curve shape of the crack, the width and depth of cracks obtained from the cross-section method and manual measurement were close but slightly smaller than those measured by the projection algorithm; whereas the length of cracks determined by the curve-skeletons method was slightly larger than those obtained by the manual measurement and projection method. The real dimension of a crack has good agreements with real situations when compared with the results of the manual measurement and projection method