有关宫颈癌的中文-西班牙语材料翻译及分析 编制双语手册

Con la globalización, se ha producido el fenómeno de la movilidad de la población, con lo que ha llegado a España un gran número de inmigrantes no hispanohablantes. No obstante, debido a las limitaciones lingüísticas, su acceso a la asistencia sanitaria en España se ha visto afectado, por lo que la interpretación y la traducción entre el chino y el español para el sector sanitario en los servicios públicos ha cobrado gran importancia en los últimos años. Según las investigaciones realizadas, existe una cierta carencia y vacío en los estudios sobre la traducción entre los idiomas chino y español en relación con los cánceres ginecológicos, en particular el cáncer de cuello de útero. Como el cuarto cáncer más frecuente entre las mujeres de todo el mundo, el cáncer de cuello de útero también ha recibido una mayor atención social durante los últimos años. Por desgracia, siguen faltando folletos informativos o guías gratuitas sobre el cáncer de cuello de útero dirigidas a los chinos, tanto en España como en China. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo consiste en elaborar un folleto informativo bilingüe sobre el cáncer de cuello de útero destinado a la comunidad china residente en España. Para alcanzar este objetivo, esta investigación pretende estudiar los materiales científicos sobre el cáncer de cuello de útero y los virus del papiloma humano, para lo cual hemos seleccionado como referencia folletos médicos en español y chino, analizando tanto la elaboración del material como la traducción del contenido textual, así como las dificultades encontradas y las técnicas empleadas en la traducción, con el fin de aportar algunas sugerencias de traducción. Por último, en base a la investigación anterior, elaboramos un folleto bilingüe que responde a las necesidades del grupo objetivo y de la sociedad. Este trabajo se divide en cinco capítulos. El primer capítulo presenta el objetivo de este estudio, incluyendo los antecedentes, la metodología y la estructura del trabajo. El segundo capítulo representa la parte teórica del trabajo y se centra en la situación actual del cáncer de cuello de útero en los dos países, España y China, así como en las características y dificultades de la traducción médico-sanitaria y en las características de los folletos informativos y su importancia. El tercer capítulo expone la composición del corpus propio y los recursos utilizados para esta investigación, además de analizar los folletos elegidos en español y en chino. El cuarto capítulo presenta las dificultades de traducción encontradas y las propuestas de traducción. El quinto capítulo resume las conclusiones obtenidas a lo largo del estudio. En general, hoy en día, con la globalización y el continuo desarrollo de la tecnología médica, el estudio de la traducción sanitaria entre el español y el chino se está desarrollando gradualmente. No obstante, siguen existiendo muchas lagunas en la investigación sobre la traducción de material sanitario en el campo de TISP, en particular la falta de estudios de traducción relativos al cáncer de cuello de útero, y este trabajo se inspira para ello y pretende aportar una contribución al campo académico随着全球化所带来的人口流动现象，使得大量的非西班牙语母语人群移民到西班牙。 而受到语言的限制，他们在西班牙的就诊受到了影响，因此公共服务领域中医疗方向的 中文和西班牙语的口译和笔译在近年来变得非常重要。 经过调查发现，在关于妇科癌症，尤其是宫颈癌方面的中西翻译研究存在一定的缺 失和空白。宫颈癌作为全球妇女中第四大常见的癌症，近年也收获了更多的社会关注。 但令人遗憾的是，无论是在西班牙还是在中国，仍然缺乏以中文母语者为目标人群的关 于宫颈癌知识的免费小册子、手册或指南。 本论文的主要目的是为在西班牙生活的华人群体制作一本有关宫颈癌的双语医学 手册。为了实现该目标，本论文将通过研究有关宫颈癌和 HPV 病毒的医学资料，选取 了西班牙语和中文的医学手册作为参考，对参考手册的制作及文本内容的翻译进行分析， 对翻译中的所遇到的困难和所采用的技巧方法进行阐述，并试图给出一些翻译建议。最 后，通过以上研究，制作出符合目标群体和社会需求的双语手册。 本文分为以下几个部分进行论述：第一章介绍开展本研究的原因，包括本研究的背 景、主要目标、研究方法和本研究的结构。第二章为本论文的理论部分，主要介绍了西 班牙和中国这两个国家宫颈癌的现状，医学-健康翻译的特点和困难，以及健康手册的特 点及其重要性。第三章介绍本论文语料库的组成和使用到的资源，并对所选用的西班牙 语和中文的小册子进行分析。第四章提出遇到的翻译困难以及翻译建议。第五章概述了 整个研究过程中得出的结论。 总的来说，如今随着全球化和医学技术的不断发展，西班牙语-汉语之间的医学翻译 研究也在逐步发展。但在跨文化公共服务领域的医学材料翻译研究方面仍有许多空白， 特别是宫颈癌方向翻译研究的缺失，本论文受该原因而得到启发，旨在为这一学术领域 做出一些贡献。希望本研究能够为致力于中西翻译的译者、跨文化调解员，甚至是病人 和医护人员提供参考，能够带动更多的翻译人员进行与宫颈癌相关的研究Máster Universitario en Comunicación Intercultural, Interpretación y Traducción en los Servicios Públicos. Especialidad en chi-esp (M196

Comparative analysis of phosphoproteomic in the intestine of Sepia lycidas under different salinity environments

Cuttlefish are sensitive to the breeding environment, and the low-salinity environment significantly impacts their growth and immunity. So far, it is difficult to breed this species artificially. This study was conducted in Sepia lycidas. And the aim was to investigate the differences in protein phosphorylation in the intestine of S. lycidas under different salinity conditions. Firstly, 999 phosphoproteins (specific peptide ≥ 1), 1928 phosphopeptides, and 2727 phosphorylation sites were identified. Among them were 284 down-regulated expression phosphorylation sites (corresponding to 115 phosphoproteins) and 674 up-regulated expression phosphorylation sites (corresponding to 408 phosphoproteins) in the intestine under a low salinity environment compared with that under a natural salinity environment. Next, GO analysis found that more phosphoproteins corresponding to differentially expressed phosphorylation sites were related to anatomical structure development, multicellular organism development, regulation of the cellular process, etc. The molecular functions of these proteins mainly contain protein binding, transferase activity, catalytic activity, and heterocyclic compound binding. And they are mainly involved in the cellular components of intracellular anatomical structure, organelle, and cytoplasm. KEGG enrichment analysis of the differential phosphoproteins suggested that many significantly enriched pathways were related to the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, cell junction (adherens junction and tight junction), and inositol phosphate metabolism. Finally, changes in environmental salinity can affect the intestinal structure, metabolism, and immune homeostasis of S. lycidas

Association of Base Excision Repair Gene Polymorphisms with ESRD Risk in a Chinese Population

The base excision repair (BER) pathway, containing OGG1, MTH1 and MUTYH, is a major protector from oxidative DNA damage in humans, while 8-oxoguanine (8-OHdG), an index of DNA oxidation, is increased in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. Four polymorphisms of BER genes, OGG1 c.977C > G (rs1052133), MTH1 c.247G > A (rs4866), MUTYH c.972G > C (rs3219489), and AluYb8MUTYH (rs10527342), were examined in 337 HD patients and 404 healthy controls. And the 8-OHdG levels in leukocyte DNA were examined in 116 HD patients. The distribution of MUTYH c.972 GG or AluYb8MUTYH differed between the two groups and was associated with a moderately increased risk for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (P = 0.013 and 0.034, resp.). The average 8-OHdG/106 dG value was significantly higher in patients with the OGG1 c.977G, MUTYH c.972G or AluYb8MUTYH alleles (P < 0.001 via ANOVA). Further analysis showed that combination of MUTYH c.972GG with OGG1 c.977GG or AluYb8MUTYH increased both the risk for ESRD and leukocyte DNA 8-OHdG levels in HD patients. Our study showed that MUTYH c.972GG, AluYb8MUTYH, and combination of OGG1 c.977GG increased the risk for ESRD development in China and suggested that DNA oxidative damage might be involved in such process

Quantitative DNA Methylation Analysis of DLGAP2 Gene Using Pyrosequencing in Schizophrenia With Tardive Dyskinesia: A Linear Mixed Model Approach

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a side effect of antipsychotic medications used to treat schizophrenia (SCZ) and other mental health disorders. No study has previously used pyrosequencing to quantify DNA methylation levels of the DLGAP2 gene; while the quantitative methylation levels among CpG sites within a gene may be correlated. To deal with the correlated measures among three CpG sites within the DLGAP2 gene, this study analyzed DNA methylation levels of the DLGAP2 gene using a linear mixed model (LMM) in a Chinese sample consisting of 35 SCZ patients with TD, 35 SCZ without TD (NTD) and 34 healthy controls (HCs) collected in Beijing, China. The initial analysis using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that three groups (TD, NTD and HC) had significant differences in DNA methylation level for CpG site 2 (p = 0.0119). Furthermore, the average methylation levels among the three CpG sites showed strong correlations (all p values \u3c 0.0001). In addition, using the LMM, three groups had significant differences in methylation level (p = 0.0027); while TD, NTD and TD + NTD groups showed higher average methylation levels than the HC group (p = 0.0024, 0.0151, and 0.0007, respectively). In conclusion, the LMM can accommodate a covariance structure. The findings of this study provide first evidence of DNA methylation levels in DLGAP2 associated with SCZ with TD in Chinese population. However, TD just showed borderline significant differences to NTD in this study

Regulation of MUTYH, a DNA Repair Enzyme, in Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells

MUTYH is a DNA repair enzyme that initiates a base excision repair (BER) by recognizing and removing 8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and its paired adenine. We demonstrated that both TGF-β1 and H2O2 treatment led to an increased 8-oxoG in cultured human proximal tubule epithelial (HK-2) cells, while the former induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the latter caused cell apoptosis. Without stimulation, HK-2 cells showed MUTYH expression in mitochondria. TGF-β1 triggered a transient upregulation of mitochondrial MUTYH and induced the expression of nuclear isoforms, while H2O2 showed no role on MUTYH expression. Ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice exhibited high 8-oxoG reactivity with tubulointerstitial lesions. After obstruction, the MUTYH expression was increased only in tubules at day 3 and decreased with obvious tubular atrophy at day 10. Particularly, MUTYH was primarily located in normal tubular cytoplasm with a dominant mitochondrial form. A few cells with nuclear MUTYH expression were observed in the fibrotic interstitium. We confirmed that increased MUTYH expression was upregulated and positively correlated with the severity of kidney fibrosis. Thus, renal fibrosis caused a cell-type-specific and time-dependent response of oxidative DNA repairs, even within the same tissues. It suggests that intervention of MUTYH might be effective for therapies

Research progress of E3 ubiquitin ligase regulating biological behavior of human placental trophoblast cells

E3 ubiquitin ligases are important components of the ubiquitin protease system. This family includes many proteins, which can catalyze the ubiquitination of a variety of protein substrates and promote the degradation of them by the proteasome system. Recent studies have shown that E3 ubiquitin ligase plays a key role in the process of fetal development and placental formation. It affects the biological behavior of placental trophoblast cells, leading to a series of pregnancy complications that threaten mothers and babies greatly. This review focuses on the regulation, target and mechanism of E3 ubiquitin ligase on the biological behavior of human placental trophoblast cells

Current situation and factors influencing elderly care in community day care centers: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe latest census data show that people over 60 years of age account for about 18.7% of the total population in China, and the aging of the population has become an irreversible trend in the 21st century. This study aimed to investigate the current status and factors influencing the care of the elderly in community day care centers in order to lay the foundation for the development of better services in community day care centers.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling in Nanjing, China. The survey instrument was the Day care and Elderly Care Service Needs Questionnaire, which included the Ability of Daily Living Assessment (ADL), the Xiao Shuiyuan Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and the Day care Elderly Care Service Needs Survey Form, and a general information survey.ResultsA total of 450 elderly people in day care centers were surveyed. The elderly had different levels of demand for day care services, especially regarding daily care. Correlation analyses indicated that age (r = 0.619), education level (r = 0.616), source of income (r = 0.582), caregiver (r = 0.557), satisfaction with care service (r = 0.603), and degree of ADL (r = 0.629) were correlated with the need for elderly day care services (all p &lt; 0.05). The factors influencing the demand for day care services encompassed age, education level, income source, caregiver, satisfaction with service, and ADL (all p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionElderly care services in community day care centers are mainly based on daily and spiritual comfort, and the needs of the elderly are influenced by many factors. Timely nursing care policies and measures that target these factors are needed to improve elderly care

A novel type 2 diabetes risk allele increases the promoter activity of the muscle-specific small ankyrin 1 gene

Genome-wide association studies have identified Ankyrin-1 (ANK1) as a common type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility locus. However, the underlying causal variants and functional mechanisms remain unknown. We screened for 8 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ANK1 between 2 case-control studies. Genotype analysis revealed significant associations of 3 SNPs, rs508419 (first identified here), rs515071, and rs516946 with T2D (P 0.80); subsequent analysis indicated that the CCC haplotype associated with increased T2D susceptibility (OR 1.447, P < 0.001). Further mapping showed that rs508419 resides in the muscle-specific ANK1 gene promoter. Allele-specific mRNA and protein level measurements confirmed association of the C allele with increased small ANK1 (sAnk1) expression in human skeletal muscle (P = 0.018 and P < 0.001, respectively). Luciferase assays showed increased rs508419-C allele transcriptional activity in murine skeletal muscle C2C12 myoblasts, and electrophoretic mobility-shift assays demonstrated altered rs508419 DNA-protein complex formation. Glucose uptake was decreased with excess sAnk1 expression upon insulin stimulation. Thus, the ANK1 rs508419-C T2D-risk allele alters DNA-protein complex binding leading to increased promoter activity and sAnk1 expression; thus, increased sAnk1 expression in skeletal muscle might contribute to T2D susceptibility