A System Dynamics Model to Assess the Effectiveness of Governmental Support Policies for Renewable Electricity

China’s support policy for renewable electricity belongs to a feed-in tariffs scheme. With the rapid development of renewable electricity industries, this set of policies brought about a heavy fiscal burden for the government. The exploration of whether current support policy provided excessive subsidies for renewable electricity is of great practical significance. We hold an idea that the internalization of positive externality is the only criterion for the government to support the development of a renewable electricity industry. The problem of whether the current policy provides excessive subsidies for renewable electricity industry can be solved by assessing whether its positive externality is internalized, as renewable electricity industry has a characteristic of externality. Our study object is an assumed biomass power plant in Jingning County, Gansu Province. A system dynamics model was built. Applying the environmental cost accounting method and net present value analysis method, we connected the techno-economic analysis of the biomass power plant with the measurement of positive externality of biomass power generation together. In this system dynamics model, we developed an indicator to reveal whether the subsidies provided by governmental policies can compensate the positive externality generated by the assumed biomass power plant. This study mainly draws the following conclusions: Firstly, China’s current support policy does provide excessive subsidies for the renewable power industry. The subsidies received by biomass power plants from the government are higher than the positive externality generated by them; secondly, the positive externality measurement of the biomass power industry is influenced by many regional factors; thirdly, without governmental policy support, biomass power plants cannot compete with traditional power companies; fourthly, as biomass power generation is concerned, the current price subsidy intensity is about US$0.0132 higher per kWh than a reasonable level. Furthermore, the parameters frequently applied in the calculation of the prices of pollutant emission reduction in Chinese research papers are relatively small, which is only half of their actual values. Jingning County, situated in inland west-northern China, lacks typicality. There is a limitation in judging whether the government’s support policy for renewable electricity is reasonable through a feasibility analysis of investment in a biomass power generation project. This may be the main drawback of this study

A Research to Village Combination and the Analysis of the Influences of Which Having on Social Economy During the Urbanization Process of Yantai City

With the rapid development of urbanization of our country, serious conflicts on land using appear. Village combination in rural areas is an important way to increase cultivated land, promote the development of urbanization and effectively solve conflicts on land using, which plays an significant role in solving agriculture problems, countryside problems and peasant problems, assuring foods safety and constructing social new countryside.Taking Yantai City as example, the paper firstly makes analyses on the necessaries and the feasibility of village combination. And then based on the mode GM (1,1) of grey theory, the paper forecasts the urbanization ratio, the proportion of urban and rural areas to the whole population and finally programs the rational scale of central villages and towns of Yantai City. At last, the paper conducts a detailed analysis on the social economic influence of village combination of Yantai City, pointing out that village combination affords carriers to farmers citizenization and it is beneficial to explore the new mode of rural urbanization, which is the engine of economic development in China

Study on the Evolution of the Spatial-Temporal Pattern and the Influencing Mechanism of the Green Development Level of the Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration

Improving the level of green development is an inevitable requirement for promoting the construction of an ecological civilization. In this paper, through a green development level evaluation index system, the CRITIC weight method is used to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the green development level of the Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration from 2007 to 2019. On this basis, a panel data model was constructed to analyze the key influencing factors of the green development level of the Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration. Studies have shown that (1) the level of green development in the Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration from 2007 to 2019 has been steadily improved, but the overall level is still at a low level, with significant differences among the cities. (2) Qingdao and Jinan are the two growth poles of the green development level of Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration. The dual-core leading effect is obvious, forming a spatial pattern in which the green development level of the eastern and central regions is higher than that of other regions’ green development level. (3) Weihai, Dongying, and Qingdao are high-level cities of green development, while Jinan, Yantai, Zibo, Tai’an, and Linyi are medium-level cities of green development. The green development level of other cities is relatively low, and the high-level cities of green development are mostly the Jiaodong economic circle and provincial capital economic circle. (4) Industrial structure, scientific and technological innovation, and government policies are the critical factors in promoting the green development of the Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration

Study on the Evolution of the Spatial-Temporal Pattern and the Influencing Mechanism of the Green Development Level of the Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration

Improving the level of green development is an inevitable requirement for promoting the construction of an ecological civilization. In this paper, through a green development level evaluation index system, the CRITIC weight method is used to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the green development level of the Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration from 2007 to 2019. On this basis, a panel data model was constructed to analyze the key influencing factors of the green development level of the Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration. Studies have shown that (1) the level of green development in the Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration from 2007 to 2019 has been steadily improved, but the overall level is still at a low level, with significant differences among the cities. (2) Qingdao and Jinan are the two growth poles of the green development level of Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration. The dual-core leading effect is obvious, forming a spatial pattern in which the green development level of the eastern and central regions is higher than that of other regions’ green development level. (3) Weihai, Dongying, and Qingdao are high-level cities of green development, while Jinan, Yantai, Zibo, Tai’an, and Linyi are medium-level cities of green development. The green development level of other cities is relatively low, and the high-level cities of green development are mostly the Jiaodong economic circle and provincial capital economic circle. (4) Industrial structure, scientific and technological innovation, and government policies are the critical factors in promoting the green development of the Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration

Sliding-Mode Control for PMLSM Position Control—A Review

Owing to the competitive advantages of fast response speed, large pushing force, high reliability, and high precision, the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) has played an increasingly vital role in various high-speed and high-precision control systems. However, PMLSM exhibits nonlinear behavior in actual operation, and position tracking precision is negatively affected by friction, load changes, and other external disturbances. To meet the growing demand and solve the position tracking control problem for the PMLSM, the control system is critical. Sliding-mode control (SMC) has been used extensively in nonlinear control systems due to its superior performance characterized by simplicity, good dynamic response and insensitivity to parameter perturbation and external disturbances, and has been implemented in PMLSMs to track practical position. The objective of this article is to classify, scrutinize and review the major sliding-mode control approaches for position control of PMLSM. The three different conventional SMC methods, namely the boundary layer approach, the reaching law approach and the disturbance observer-based SMC, are discussed in detail. The four advanced forms of SMC, namely terminal SMC, super-twisting SMC, adaptive SMC and intelligent SMC, are also presented. A comparison of these approaches is given, in which the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are presented; additionally, they are presented in table form in order to facilitate reading. It is anticipated that this work will serve as a reference and provide important insight into position control of PMLSM systems

Electromagnetic Design and Analysis of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor

Since permanent magnet linear synchronous motors are widely used in fatigue testing, in this paper, the thrust of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) is amplified more than 10 times by the method of resonance. Firstly, the air gap magnetic field is analyzed by the equivalent magnetization current method (EMC), the electromagnetic thrust is calculated, and the expression is given by the Maxwell tensor method. The vibration analysis of the whole machine is used to obtain the conditions under which the motor resonates. The dynamic and static characteristics of the motor are analyzed through finite element simulation, the results of the motor design are judged to be reasonable, and the theoretical calculation results are compared with the simulation results to verify the accuracy of the theoretical calculation. The accuracy of the simulation results is verified by static force experiments. Finally, the rated thrust of the motor was enlarged more than 10 times by resonance experiments

GREEN DEVELOPMENT MODES OF THE BELT AND ROAD

A number of countries are concerned, to a certain degree, about the prospects for the implementation of the Chinese strategic initiative for the joint creation of the “Silk Road Economic Belt” (SREB). These concerns relate to fears of the transfer from China to the “belt” countries of excessive capacities of the polluting primaries industries, possible environmental degradation, and the destruction of the traditional way of life as a result of the implementation of mega-projects, and the fragility and vulnerability of many ecosystems along the routes of the prospective throughways between the eastern provinces of China and Europe [Bezrukov, 2016]. Environmental problems are clearly of key importance for the prospects of China’s initiative. The initiative’s program documents have stressed the need to take into account the interests of all parties and act solely on the basis of mutual benefit. The authors briefly consider the variety of natural and socio-economic conditions in the SREB zone and the sharp differences in the degree of economic development of the territory, which require close attention and scientific justification for political and economic decisions. Particular differences include temperature regime, precipitation, modern atmospheric circulation, transport of particulate matter and contaminants, soils, vegetation, land use, and risks of desertification in the SREB zone. The potential of complementarity of the natural resources of China and a number of neighboring countries may be realized. The paper also discusses China’s present policy in the transition to sustainable development and its underlying concepts and achievements, especially at the level of regions and cities, including the concept of “ecological civilization” and the six stages of greening of cities. The authors believe that tourism related activities should be coordinated specifically at the city level as part of “green development.” It is necessary to create free economic zones in the “economic corridors” along the planned transcontinental lines and utilize the existing national special zones. Such zones are particularly effective in border regions and cities. In conclusion, it is recommended to develop international research networks in the SREB zone, to establish an International Data Center, and to collect, organize, exchange, and publish jointly scientific information on the problems of transition to sustainable development

Quantitative Evaluation of Burn Injuries Based on Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy of Blood with a Seven-Parameter Equivalent Circuit

A quantitative and rapid burn injury detection method has been proposed based on the electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of blood with a seven-parameter equivalent circuit. The degree of burn injury is estimated from the electrical impedance characteristics of blood with different volume proportions of red blood cells (RBCs) and heated red blood cells (HRBCs). A quantitative relationship between the volume portion HHCT of HRBCs and the electrical impedance characteristics of blood has been demonstrated. A seven -parameter equivalent circuit is employed to quantify the relationship from the perspective of electricity. Additionally, the traditional Hanai equation has been modified to verify the experimental results. Results show that the imaginary part of impedance ZImt under the characteristic frequency (fc) has a linear relationship with HHCT which could be described by ZImt = −2.56HHCT − 2.01 with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. Moreover, the relationship between the plasma resistance Rp and HHCT is obtained as Rp = −7.2HHCT + 3.91 with a correlation coefficient of 0.96 from the seven -parameter equivalent circuit. This study shows the feasibility of EIS in the quantitative detection of burn injury by the quantitative parameters ZImt and Rp, which might be meaningful for the follow-up clinical treatment for burn injury