Phylogenetic relationship of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> parasites inferred by neighbor-joining analysis of the SSU rRNA based on evolutionary distances calculated using the Kimura two-parameter model.

<p>Bootstrap values were obtained using 1,000 pseudoreplicates.</p

Polymorphisms of anti-Müllerian hormone signaling pathway in healthy Singapore women: population differences, endocrine effects and reproductive outcomes

<p>In order to study the association of genetic polymorphisms of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) signaling pathway with endocrine changes and pregnancy outcomes, a total of 213 women of reproductive ages were recruited according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria between November 2011 and September 2014 in Singapore. Genotyping studies were performed using a minor groove binder primer/probe Taqman assay. The allele frequencies of the AMH Ile⁴⁹Ser and AMHR2 −482A > G polymorphisms were analyzed in relation to female reproductive hormone levels, ovarian parameters, menstrual cycle lengths and pregnancy outcomes. AMH Ser allele frequency and AMHR2 G allele frequency of our Singapore population were compared with those of other populations reported in HapMap. The genotype distributions and allele frequencies for the AMH Ile⁴⁹Ser and AMHR2 −482A > G polymorphisms were not associated with estradiol (E2) levels, ovarian parameters, menstrual cycle length, or pregnancy outcomes in our cohort. Our findings suggest that genetic variants in the AMH signal transduction pathway have population differences but do not appear to have significant effects on ovarian, endocrine, metabolic parameters and reproductive outcomes.</p

Quick Serological Detection of a Cancer Biomarker with an Agglutinated Supramolecular Glycoprobe

While serology represents the forefront technique for cancer diagnosis, current clinical methods for the detection of serum biomarkers have flaws in terms of the need of complicated manipulations, long analytical time, and high cost. Here, we develop a supramolecular glycoprobe for the quick serological detection of a cancer biomarker. The probe formed by agglutination between self-assembled glyco-gold nanoparticles and a lectin shows subtle optical variations upon the competitive recognition of a glycoprotein biomarker secreted by cancer cells, tumor-bearing mice, as well as clinical cancer patients, with no response to a series of controls including the serum of hepatitis patients. This research provides an insight into the development of effective tools for serological diagnosis of cancer

Additional file 2: Table S2. of High prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi zoonotic genotype D in captive golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellanae) in zoos in China

Nucleotide substitutions among all sequences found in this study versus the reported genotype J (KU557671). (XLS 49 kb