Metabolomics for the Effect of Biotin and Nicotinamide on Transition Dairy Cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate alterations in serum metabolites of transition dairy cows affected by biotin (BIO) and nicotinamide (NAM) supplementation. A total of 40 multiparous Holsteins were paired and assigned randomly within a block to one of the following four treatments: control (T₀), 30 mg/day BIO (T_B), 45 g/day NAM (T_N), and 30 mg/day BIO + 45 g/day NAM (T_B+N). Supplemental BIO and NAM were drenched on cows from 14 days before the expected calving date. Gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry was used to analyze serum samples collected from eight cows in every groups at 14 days after calving. In comparison to T₀, T_B, T_N, and T_B+N had higher serum glucose concentrations, while non-esterified fatty acid in T_N and T_B+N and triglyceride in T_B+N were lower. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate was significantly increased in T_B+N. Both T_N and T_B+N had higher glutathione and lower reactive oxygen species. Moreover, T_B significantly increased inosine and guanosine concentrations, decreased β-alanine, etc. Certain fatty acid concentrations (including linoleic acid, oleic acid, etc.) were significantly decreased in both T_N and T_B+N. Some amino acid derivatives (spermidine in T_N, putrescine and 4-hydroxyphenylethanol in T_B+N, and guanidinosuccinic acid in both T_N and T_B+N) were affected. Correlation network analysis revealed that the metabolites altered by NAM supplementation were more complicated than those by BIO supplementation. These findings showed that both BIO and NAM supplementation enhanced amino acid metabolism and NAM supplementation altered biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. The improved oxidative status and glutathione metabolism further indicated the effect of NAM on oxidative stress alleviation

Tungsten-Doped Molybdenum Sulfide with Dominant Double-Layer Structure on Mixed MgAl Oxide for Higher Alcohol Synthesis in CO Hydrogenation

Improving the C₂+ alcohols selectivity is highly desirable for higher alcohols synthesis in CO hydrogenation. Herein, an effective method was developed for Mo-based supported catalysts by the combination of tungsten-doping and surfactant-assisted hydrothermal strategy. The tungsten-doping enhanced the interaction between Ni and W/Mo metal species to form more of the Ni-MoW-S phase with tunable slab size and stacking layers, and thus promoted the chain growth of alcohol to form a greater amount of higher alcohols in CO hydrogenation. The optimal K,Ni–Mo_0.75W_0.25/MMO-S exhibited a dominant double-layer structure (∼39.0%) and highly synergetic effects between Ni and W/Mo species, resulting in the highest total alcohol selectivity (76.1%) and in higher alcohols selectivity. This work provides a new route for tuning the morphology of MoS₂/WS₂ and synergetic effects between Ni and W/Mo species in supported catalysts to improve the selectivity of higher alcohols

Additional file 1: of Safety and efficacy of Qishen granules in patients with chronic heart failure: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

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The chemical structure of compounds for (a) Idoxuridine (DB00249), (b) Trifluridine (DB00432), (c) Valaciclovir (DB00577) and (d) Vidarabine (DB00194).

<p>The chemical structure of compounds for (a) Idoxuridine (DB00249), (b) Trifluridine (DB00432), (c) Valaciclovir (DB00577) and (d) Vidarabine (DB00194).</p

Statistics of the prediction performances.

<p> <b>The AUC (ROC score) is the area under the ROC curve, normalized to 100 for a perfect inference and 50 for a random inference.</b></p

The node degree distribution of the top 500 scoring drug-enzyme interactions.

<p>The node degree distribution of the top 500 scoring drug-enzyme interactions.</p

Predicted drug-enzyme interactions with the 500 highest scores, where the triangle and circle nodes indicate the enzymes and drugs, respectively; the orange and purple triangle indicate the known targets and new predicted targets, respectively; the green and red circle indicate the known drugs and new predicted drugs, respectively; the gray and red edges indicate the known interactions and newly predicted interactions, respectively.

<p>Predicted drug-enzyme interactions with the 500 highest scores, where the triangle and circle nodes indicate the enzymes and drugs, respectively; the orange and purple triangle indicate the known targets and new predicted targets, respectively; the green and red circle indicate the known drugs and new predicted drugs, respectively; the gray and red edges indicate the known interactions and newly predicted interactions, respectively.</p

The distribution of the training dataset for Model I and blind testing dataset (including enzymes, GPCRs, ion channel and nuclear receptors) using the first three principal components.

<p>The distribution of the training dataset for Model I and blind testing dataset (including enzymes, GPCRs, ion channel and nuclear receptors) using the first three principal components.</p

The predicted results for the blind testing sets by the RF model 1.

<p>The predicted results for the blind testing sets by the RF model 1.</p

The chemical structures of 4-methoxyamphetamine (DB01472) and MDMA (DB01454).

<p>The chemical structures of 4-methoxyamphetamine (DB01472) and MDMA (DB01454).</p