A survey of a cappella sacred music for mixed choir of Josef Rheinberger

Josef Rheinberger (1839-1901) was a prolific composer in the nineteenth century. Motivated by his belief as a devout Catholic, Rheinberger composed numerous sacred music pieces for different voices, categories, instrumental accompaniments, and functions. He is classified as a “classical romanticist” and composed his music in a contemporary Romantic music idiom with Classical elements. It is a pity that the a cappella sacred music that Rheinberger composed for mixed choir did not gain much attention--most of his works did not fit the liturgical requirement of the Roman Catholic Church and were heavily criticized by the Cecilians. The analyses in this thesis unveil the aesthetic nature of Rheinberger’s a cappella sacred music for mixed choir. Firstly, his works are short and accessible for general choirs. Secondly, he composed his sacred music with traditional harmony, and he created variety under the scope of balanced structures. Overall Rheinberger crafted his works with many well-conceived details. I hope this thesis will serve as a foundational reference for Rheinberger’s a cappella sacred music for mixed choir and raise an interest in his music

Assessing the spatial distribution of methadone clinic clients and their access to treatment

Using Geographic Information System (GIS), the spatial distribution of methadone clinic clients and their utilization of a treatment service in Hong Kong was analysed. A majority (93.7%) of the 63 methadone users recruited were residing in the same district, of which 84.1% spent not more than 15 minutes for traveling. Walking (55.6%) was the commonest transport mode followed by cycling (30.2%). There was no distance decay effect on traveling time, but an association between distance and transport selection could be demonstrated. The residence locations displayed a compact distribution, merging with the general population without any evidence of clustering. Though the distribution of methadone users could have been shaped by the location of clinic, it can also be concluded that methadone clinics at convenient locations are needed if maintenance is a key determinant of service effectiveness

Prosodic Correspondence in Tone Sandhi

[[abstract]]Correspondence in OT is a relation between pairs of forms. The correspondence relation is originally proposed to stand between underlying and surface forms (i.e., Input-Output correspondence) but is later extended to relations between the reduplicant and its base (i.e., Base-Reduplicant correspondence) and between morphosyntactically related outputs (i.e., Output-Output correspondence). Drawing evidence from tone sandhi in Mandarin (Cheng 1973a; Hsiao 1991; Shih 1986; Hung 1987; Zhang Z. 1988; Zhang N. 1997; Chen 2000; Lin 2000a, 2000b, 2000c; among others) and Sixian-Hakka (Hsu 1996, Hsiao 2000), this paper argues that the correspondence relation should be extended to stand between outputs that are related in the prosodic structures. Prosodic units have long been observed to play crucial roles in speech production/comprehension (Speer et al 1989, Shattuk-Hufnagel and Turk 1996, Gerken 1996b) as well as in phonology (Selkirk 1984a, 1984b, 1986; Nespor and Vogel 1986; Shih 1986; Hsiao 1991, 1995). Prosodic structures are cognitively real units; therefore, forms related in the prosodic structures should be capable for correspondence evaluation. Since Selkirk (1986), it is generally agreed that prosodic structures, though sensitive to the morphosyntactic structures of the language, are by no means isomorphic to them. Therefore, in the prosodic correspondence model proposed, the prosodically related output forms evaluated for correspondence are not necessarily morphosyntactically related. The paper is organized as below: §2 examines Mandarin tone sandhi and argues that tone sandhi in Mandarin can be analyzed easiest if tonal outputs which are prosodically related rather than morphosyntactically related are evaluated for correspondence. The prosodic correspondence model is proposed in §2.5. §3 examines Sixian-Hakka tone sandhi which reinforces the need for prosodic correspondence. §4 proposes prosodic constraints to account for tone sandhi domains of Sixian-Hakka and Mandarin. §5 concludes the paper.[[fileno]]204_JA07_2005_v1_p229[[department]]語言學研究

Clinical effects research of the excision of pterygium combined with limbal epithelial autograft with conjunctival grafting on recurrent pterygium

AIM: To observe the clinical effects of the excision of pterygium combined with limbal epithelial autograft with conjunctival grafting on recurrent pterygium. <p>METHODS: Totally 84 patients(84 eyes)with first recurrent pterygium were allocated two groups: excision pterygium with limbal epithelial autograft with conjunctival(group A, 43 cases with 43 eyes)and excision of pterygium with conjunctival autograft(group B, 41 cases with 41 eyes), the post-operative follow-up period of 12 months, we analyzed the repair time of epithelium, tear break-up time(1 month and 3 months), Schirmer l test(1 month and 3 months), corneal fluorescence staining test(1 month and 3 months), and recurrent rate. <p>RESULTS: The group A had a shorter repair time of epithelium and lower recurrent rate, compared with the group B, which had statistically significant difference(<i>P</i><0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the tear break-up time, corneal fluorescence staining test and the Schirmer l test in 1 month and 3 months between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). <p>CONCLUSION:Limbal epithelial autograft with conjunctival transplantation is a convenient, safe, effective method for the treatment of recurrent pterygium

An Evaluation of Container Development Strategies in the Port of Taichung

AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine the container development strategies in the port of Taichung from the viewpoints of carriers, port authorities and shipping academics. The six most important strategic attributes from the all respondents perceptions are Enhancing the services of direct shipping with Mainland China, simplified customs procedures, simplified administrative procedures, developing service routes with Hong Kong and Mainland China, improving port information systems, and flexible rate to response market change. Based on a factor analysis, the findings reflect that price and incentive strategic dimension was the most import strategic dimension, followed by marketing and direct shipping with Mainland China as well as reorganization and information service strategic dimensions. In addition, the perceived implemented period for container development strategic attributes for the Taichung Port was also investigated in this study. Results indicated that four development strategies stood out as being short-term need to perform to all respondents were providing one-stop shopping services for carriers, flexible rate to response market change, enhancing employee training and knowledge, and strengthening port marketing and promotion. Theoretical and managerial implications of the research findings are discussed

RESEARCH ON THE MARKETING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS EFFECT AND SPORT EVENT SATISFACTION OF THE TAIPEI 2017 UNIVERSIADE

The purpose of this study is to investigate the spectators’ marketing and public relations and sport event satisfaction with their participation in the Taipei 2017 Universiade. Meanwhile, based on the comparison of different personal background variables, this study compares the attractiveness and satisfaction of the spectators’ marketing and public relations recognition, marketing and public relations attitude, event planning and sport event services. A random sampling method is adopted in this study. Among spectators, university students of the Taipei 2017 Universiade are selected. A total of 700 questionnaires are distributed and 680 valid questionnaires are collected. The effective recovery rate is 97.14%. The research tool of this study is “Satisfaction scale of marketing and public relations effect and sport event satisfaction of the Taipei 2017 Universiade”. This study uses statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and so forth. The results of this study are: (1) In the Taipei 2017 Universiade, spectators have the highest attractiveness with “Internet” in “media tools” of marketing and public relations recognition, followed by the factor of “TV”; (2) In “marketing and public relations attitude” of the Taipei 2017 Universiade, “marketing and public relations present efforts and earnest of Taiwan” ranks the highest, followed by “marketing and public relations are impressed”; (3) In “sport event services” of the Taipei 2017 Universiade, “auditorium” ranks the highest, followed by “broadcast notification”; (4) There is no significant difference in the attractiveness and satisfaction among spectators with different personal background for “marketing and public relations recognition”, “marketing and public relations attitude”, and “sport event services” in the Taipei 2017 Universiade.  Article visualizations

Efficacy and safety of nanohybrids comprising silver nanoparticles and silicate clay for controlling Salmonella infection

Developing effective and safe drugs is imperative for replacing antibiotics and controlling multidrug-resistant microbes. Nanoscale silicate platelet (NSP) and its nanohybrid, silver nanoparticle/NSP (AgNP/NSP), have been developed, and the nanohybrids show a strong and general antibacterial activity in vitro. Here, their efficacy for protecting Salmonella-infected chicks from fatality and septicemia was evaluated. Both orally administrated NSP and AgNP/NSP, but not AgNPs alone, effectively reduced the systemic Salmonella infection and mortality. In addition, quantitative Ag analyses demonstrated that Ag deposition from AgNP/NSP in the intestines was less than that from conventional AgNPs, indicating that the presence of NSP for immobilizing AgNPs reduced Ag accumulation in tissue and improved the safety of AgNPs. These in vivo results illustrated that both NSP and AgNP/NSP nanohybrid represent potential agents for controlling enteric bacterial infections