1,924 research outputs found
Random-Singlet Phase in Disordered Two-Dimensional Quantum Magnets
We study effects of disorder (randomness) in a 2D square-lattice
quantum spin system, the - model with a 6-spin interaction
supplementing the Heisenberg exchange . In the absence of disorder the
system hosts antiferromagnetic (AFM) and columnar valence-bond-solid (VBS)
ground states. The VBS breaks symmetry, and in the presence of
arbitrarily weak disorder it forms domains. Using QMC simulations, we
demonstrate two kinds of such disordered VBS states. Upon dilution, a removed
site leaves a localized spin in the opposite sublattice. These spins form AFM
order. For random interactions, we find a different state, with no order but
algebraically decaying mean correlations. We identify localized spinons at the
nexus of domain walls between different VBS patterns. These spinons form
correlated groups with the same number of spinons and antispinons. Within such
a group, there is a strong tendency to singlet formation, because of
spinon-spinon interactions mediated by the domain walls. Thus, no long-range
AFM order forms. We propose that this state is a 2D analog of the well-known 1D
random singlet (RS) state, though the dynamic exponent in 2D is finite. By
studying the T-dependent magnetic susceptibility, we find that varies, from
at the AFM--RS phase boundary and larger in the RS phase The RS state
discovered here in a system without geometric frustration should correspond to
the same fixed point as the RS state recently proposed for frustrated systems,
and the ability to study it without Monte Carlo sign problems opens up
opportunities for further detailed characterization of its static and dynamic
properties. We also discuss experimental evidence of the RS phase in the
quasi-two-dimensional square-lattice random-exchange quantum magnets
SrCuTeWO.Comment: 31 pages, 29 figures; substantial additions in v2; additional
analysis in v
Random-singlet phase in disordered two-dimensional quantum magnets
We study effects of disorder (randomness) in a 2D square-lattice S=1/2 quantum spin system, the J-Q model with a 6-spin interaction Q supplementing the Heisenberg exchange J. In the absence of disorder the system hosts antiferromagnetic (AFM) and columnar valence-bond-solid (VBS) ground states. The VBS breaks Z4 symmetry, and in the presence of arbitrarily weak disorder it forms domains. Using QMC simulations, we demonstrate two kinds of such disordered VBS states. Upon dilution, a removed site leaves a localized spin in the opposite sublattice. These spins form AFM order. For random interactions, we find a different state, with no order but algebraically decaying mean correlations. We identify localized spinons at the nexus of domain walls between different VBS patterns. These spinons form correlated groups with the same number of spinons and antispinons. Within such a group, there is a strong tendency to singlet formation, because of spinon-spinon interactions mediated by the domain walls. Thus, no long-range AFM order forms. We propose that this state is a 2D analog of the well-known 1D random singlet (RS) state, though the dynamic exponent z in 2D is finite. By studying the T-dependent magnetic susceptibility, we find that z varies, from z=2 at the AFM--RS phase boundary and larger in the RS phase The RS state discovered here in a system without geometric frustration should correspond to the same fixed point as the RS state recently proposed for frustrated systems, and the ability to study it without Monte Carlo sign problems opens up opportunities for further detailed characterization of its static and dynamic properties. We also discuss experimental evidence of the RS phase in the quasi-two-dimensional square-lattice random-exchange quantum magnets Sr2CuTe1−xWxO6.Accepted manuscrip
Effects of bleaching agents on dental restorative materials: A review of the literature and recommendation to dental practitioners and researchers
AbstractIn recent years, there has been an increased demand for improvement in the appearance of natural teeth. The conservative technique of tooth bleaching has gained attention and acceptance from both patients and clinicians. Despite increased popularity, there is controversy surrounding the adverse effects of bleaching on dental restorative materials. This article reviews the effects of bleaching agents on major categories of dental restorative materials and provides evidence-based recommendations to the clinicians and researchers. Current literature reveal that bleaching might have a detrimental effect on restorative materials. However, because of the variability in experimental design, there is a lack of consensus concerning the bleaching effects on restorative materials. A standardized and reproducible guideline for assessment of bleaching effects on restorative materials needs to be established and verified by future studies
Extracting energy via magnetic reconnection from Kerr-de Sitter black holes
It has been recently shown that magnetic reconnection can provide us a novel
mechanism to extract black hole rotational energy from a Kerr black holes. In
some certain values of parameters, such mechanism is found to be more efficient
than the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. In this paper, we study the energy
extraction from the Kerr-de Sitter black hole via this magnetic reconnection
process. With the increase of the cosmological constant, a slowly spinning
Kerr-de Sitter black hole can implement the energy extraction than its Kerr
counterpart. Of particular interest is that although the numerical calculation
shows that the maximum values of the power and efficiency decrease with the
cosmological constant, Kerr-de Sitter black hole still has advantages when the
black hole spin and the dominant reconnection -point is far away
from the event horizon. These results uncover the significant effects of
cosmological constant on the energy extraction via the magnetic reconnection
process.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figure
Reproducibility studies on OCT rapid and repeated scanning method for the diagnosis of glaucoma
AIM: To evaluate the application ofoptical coherence tomography(OCT)and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFL)measured by rapid and repeated methods in the diagnosis of glaucoma repeated significance. <p>METHODS: Stratus OCT were measured in 38 normal subjects and 42 patients with the primary RNFL thickness of open angle glaucoma patients. Rapid and repeated scanning was applied respectively to measure the RNFL thickness of patients with normal and primary open angle glaucoma. The average RNFL thickness's related coefficient and various coefficient of the temporal, upper, lower and nasal region made reproducibility assessment. <p>RESULTS: In normal and primary open angle glaucoma patients, the overall average RNFL thickness and lateral temporal, above, nasal, below RNFL thickness, in which two groups did not show differences; repeated scanning average RNFL thickness was measured in fast scanning scheme around the optic disc, and had higher ICC and lower value of CV, there were significant differences in the temporal region(<i>P</i>=0.042). The temporal, nasal, upper and lower area of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of the ICC(CV)values were as follows: fast scan was 0.918(7.2%), 0.831(6.82%), 0.856(5.12%), 0.911(7.19%); repeated scans were 0.927(3.21%), 0.962(5.01%), 0.909(6.02%), 0.869(4.67%), 0.918(6.89%).<p>CONCLUSION: In normal subjects and patients with primary open angle glaucoma, the application of rapid and repeated scanning in measurement of RNFL with OCT thickness has repeated significance, but repeated scanning scheme in the assessment of RNFL thickness is more accurate
Evaluation of Fermentation Dynamics and Structural Carbohydrate Degradation of Napiergrass Ensiled with Additives of Urea and Molasses
This study examined the effects of urea and molasses on fermentation dynamics and structural carbohydrate degradation of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), which was ensiled in laboratory silos for 3, 7, 14, and 30 days at the ambient temperature. The treatments were additions (fresh weight basis) of: no molasses or urea (control), no molasses and 0.4% urea (U), 4% molasses and 0% urea (M), 4% molasses and 0.4% urea (MU). The results showed that the control group produced an unstable fermentation. U silage always had smallest amount of lactic acid and highest levels of pH, acetic acid, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen. Compared with control, both M and MU increased water soluble carbohydrate contents which promoted lactic acid fermentation domination, but MU did not restrain clostridial fermentation. After 30 days of ensiling, compared with the control, both M and MU lowered structural carbohydrate contents, and U lowered crude protein content but MU increased this parameter. It was concluded that the combination of 4% molasses with 0.4% urea could improve the fermentation and nutritive qualities of Napiergrass but was not sufficient to inhibit clostridial fermentation
Drop dynamic analysis of half-axle flexible aircraft landing gear
Landing gear shock strut binding problem occurred during an unmanned aircraft’s flying test. The half-axle main landing gear of the unmanned aircraft was chosen to analyze the influences of shock strut flexibility on drop dynamics. The friction force was modeled based on the half-axle configuration and taking shock strut flexibility into account. Drop dynamic performances were analyzed and compared with those came from rigid strut model and drop test. Good correlation has been established between drop test data and the simulation predicated results. The results also showed that though the total axis force added merely 1 % when taking shock strut flexibility into account, the friction force added almost 45 %. A comprehensive deformation compatibility factor was presented to describe the actual deformation of shock strut bearings. Influence of deformation compatibility factor, flexibility of inner and outer cylinder were studied further
Icosahedral B\u3csub\u3e12\u3c/sub\u3e-containing core–shell structures of B\u3csub\u3e80\u3c/sub\u3e
Low-lying icosahedral (Ih) B12-containing structures of B80 are explored, and a number of core–shell isomers are found to have lower energy than the previous predicted B80 fullerene. The structural transformation of boron clusters from tubular structure to core–shell structure may occur at a critical size less than B80
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