第915回千葉医学会例会・第12回千葉精神科集談会

SNP-array data of Patient 1. (XLSX 13 kb

Chemical Functionalization of Pentagermanene Leads to Stabilization and Tunable Electronic Properties by External Tensile Strain

Inspired by the unique geometry and novel properties of a newly proposed two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotrope called pentagraphene, we have performed first-principles calculations to study the structural stability and electronic properties of pentagermanene (pGe) modulated by chemical functionalization and biaxial tensile strain. It is observed that the 2D pGe is energetically unfavorable. However, the 2D pentagonal nanosheets can be stabilized by both hydrogenation and fluorination. Phonon dispersion spectrum and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the dynamic and thermal stabilities of the two functionalized pGe nanostructures can be maintained even under a high temperature of 500 K. Our calculations revealed that both hydrogenated and fluorinated-pentagonal germanenes are semiconductors with indirect band gaps of 1.92 and 1.39 eV (2.60 and 2.09 eV by the hybrid functional), respectively. The electronic structures of the functionalized pGes can be effectively modulated by biaxial tensile strain, and an indirect to direct gap transition can be achieved for the hydrogenated pGe sheet by 6% biaxial strain. Moreover, the band gap of the hydrogenated pGe could be further tailored from 0.71 to 3.46 eV (1.16–4.35 eV by the hybrid functional) by heteroatom doping (C/Si/Sn/Pb), suggesting the semiconductor–insulator transition for differently doped nanostructures. As a result, the functionalized pGes are expected to have promising applications in nanoelectronics and nanomechanics

Data_Sheet_1_Karst tiankeng create a unique habitat for the survival of soil microbes: Evidence from ecoenzymatic stoichiometry.docx

Clarifying the soil microbial metabolism and resource limitations could help to understand the functions and processes of aboveground ecosystems, as well as to predict ecosystem stability under global climate change. Karst tiankeng is a kind of large-scale negative surface terrain on the surface which is similar to an oasis in degraded karst landscapes, but their soil microbial resource limitations still unclear. In this study, we evaluated and compared the soil microbial resource limitation in non-degraded tiankeng (NDT), moderately degraded tiankeng (MDT), heavily degraded tiankeng (HDT), and outside tiankeng (OT) by calculating soil ecoenzymatic stoichiometry. Overall, soil microbial communities were more limited by C and P in karst tiankeng ecosystem. The soil microbial C and P limitations significantly differed with the karst tiankeng degradation increased, and the lowest C and P limitations were observed in NDT. The higher microbial C and P limitations were observed in OT. Linear regression and redundancy analysis indicated that soil microbial C and P limitations were significantly influenced by soil nutrients. Karst tiankeng degradation influence the biogeochemical cycle and function of karst tiankeng systems. Our results highlight that karst tiankeng (especially the NDT) can provide a stable habitat for the survival of microorganisms in karst areas. Karst tiankeng is essential for regional ecological restoration and biodiversity conservation.</p

Potential extracellular enzyme activity at a soil depth of 0–10 cm in control and fertilized plots measured in 2012.

<p>Significant differences among nitrogen (N) treatments are indicated by different letters. AG  =  α-glucosidase; BG  =  β-1,4-glucosidase; CB  =  β-D-cellobiosidase; XS  =  xylosidase; NAG  =  N-acetyl-glucosaminidase; AP  =  acid phosphatase; LAP  =  leucine aminopeptidase.</p

Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in control and nitrogen (N) fertilized treatments.

<p>Significant differences among N treatments are indicated by different letters.</p

Carbon (a) and nitrogen (b) concentrations of foliage, litter, and fine roots in control and nitrogen (N) fertilized treatments.

<p>Significant differences among N treatments are indicated by different letters.</p

Carbon sequestration and its response to nitrogen (N) addition in plantations.

<p>R_a and R_h are autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration, respectively; R_r is live root respiration, R_m is respiration of mycorrhizal fungi, and R_rm is rhizospheric microbial respiration. Thick arrows represent the enhanced process and thin arrows represent the declined progress in the N addition treatment compared with the control.</p

Effects of nitrogen (N) addition on microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass N (MBN), bacterial biomass (BB), and fungal biomass (FB).

<p>Data are expressed as mean ± S.E. (standard error). Different superscript letters indicated significant differences among N treatment plots (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

Average net primary productivity (NPP) in control and nitrogen (N) fertilized treatments.

<p>Significant differences among N treatments are indicated by different letters.</p

Comparison of annual soil respiration (a), autotrophic respiration (b), and heterotrophic respiration (c) among control, low-, medium-, and high-nitrogen (N) plots in 2011 (black) and 2012 (gray).

<p>Significant differences among N treatments are indicated by different letters.</p