304 research outputs found
The ā©Theatre ā©of ā©Engineers: Materialismā© on ā©an ā©uncannyā© stageā©ā©.
International audienceThis ā©paper ā©is ā©a ā©reflectionā© onā© whatā© Timā© BernersāLeeā© callsā© 'philosophicalā© engineers'ā© andā© proposeā© thatā© oneā© shouldā© placeā© thisā© termā© inā© aā© broaderā© philosophicalā© discourse, ā©proposedā© hereā© asā© aā© theatreā© (theatron).ā© Thisā© paperā© wantsā© toā© showā© thatā© withinā© theā© theatreā© ofā© engineers, ā©theā© materialā© transformationā© ofā© theā© stageā© demandsā© newā© wayā© ofā© actingā© today, ā©whichā© goesā© beyondā© whatā© BernersāLee'sā© philosophical ā©engineering ā©(BernersāLeeā© takesā© aā© limitedā© understandingā© ofā© philosophyā© here, ā© asā© physicsā© wasā© consideredā© toā© beā© practicalā© philosophy).ā© Craftsmen,ā© theā© firstā© generationā© engineers, ā©haveā© beenā© philosophicalā© inā© theā© beginning,ā©describedā© byā© Aristotleā© inā© theā© fourā© causes. ā©Makingā© isā© poeticā© (poesis), ā©theā© formsā© comeā© outā© ofā© matterā© throughā© touchā© andā© vision.ā©Theā© ageā© ofā© Enlightenmentā© depictedā© byā© Denisā© Diderotā© inā© Encyclopaedia ā©servesā© asā© aā© transitionā© toā© theā© ageā© ofā© mechanicalā©reproduction, ā©whichā© foregroundā© theā© emergenceā© ofā© modernā© engineers,ā© whoā© makesā© specialā© crafts: ā©machinesā© whichā© produceā© crafts. ā©Inā© suchā© aā© transition,ā© weā© seeā© theā© shiftā© inā© theā© rolesā© ofā© theā© engineersā© inā© itsā© ancientā© formā© toā© theā© presentā© modelā© throughā© theā© mediationā© ofā© machines, in which we see the drift from the poetic bringing-forth of matter through forms to a rational engineering principle, form over matter, ontologies over things
FDA\u27s Proposed Rules on Patent Listing Requirements for New Drug and 30-Month Stays on ANDA Approval (Proposed Oct. 24, 2002)
In order to close the loophole in the generic drug approval process that allows a brand name drug patent holder to delay or defeat generic drug application merely by technicality, the FDA recently proposed to modify its regulations. Those proposals affect the patent listing requirements of a new drug application, and the duration of time that a generic drug application could be put on hold in the event of a patent infringement suit. With the modified rules, the FDA expects to see an increase in the availability of generic drugs, which eventually will lead to lower drug costs. Ms. Hui discusses the contents of the proposed regulations and provides an analysis of the proposed rule\u27s legal authority, implications on patent rights, and impact on the pharmaceutical industry
The role of unit evaluation, learning and culture dimensions related to student cognitive style in hypermedia learning
Recent developments in learning technologies such as hypermedia are\ud
becoming widespread and offer significant contributions to improving the delivery\ud
of learning and teaching materials. A key factor in the development of hypermedia\ud
learning systems is cognitive style (CS) as it relates to usersā information\ud
processing habits, representing individual usersā typical modes of perceiving,\ud
thinking, remembering and problem solving.\ud
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A total of 97 students from Australian (45) and Malaysian (52) universities\ud
participated in a survey. Five types of predictor variables were investigated with\ud
the CS: (i) three learning dimensions; (ii) five culture dimensions; (iii) evaluation\ud
of units; (iv) demographics of students; and (v) country in which students studied.\ud
Both multiple regression models and tree-based regression were used to analyse\ud
the direct effect of the five types of predictor variables, and the interactions within\ud
each type of predictor variable. When comparing both models, tree-based\ud
regression outperformed the generalized linear model in this study. The research\ud
findings indicate that unit evaluation is the primary variable to determine studentsā\ud
CS. A secondary variable is learning dimension and, among the three dimensions,\ud
only nonlinear learning and learner control dimensions have an effect on studentsā\ud
CS. The last variable is culture and, among the five culture dimensions, only\ud
power distance, long term orientation, and individualism have effects on studentsā\ud
CS. Neither demographics nor country have an effect on studentsā CS.\ud
These overall findings suggest that traditional unit evaluation, studentsā\ud
preference for learning dimensions (such as linear vs non-linear), level of learner\ud
control and culture orientation must be taken into consideration in order to enrich\ud
studentsā quality of education. This enrichment includes motivating students to\ud
acquire subject matter through individualized instruction when designing,\ud
developing and delivering educational resources
Observed Tightening of Tropical Ascent in Recent Decades and Linkage to Regional Precipitation Changes
Climate models predict that the tropical ascending region should tighten under global warming, but observational quantification of the tightening rate is limited. Here we show that the observed spatial extent of the relatively moist, rainy and cloudy regions in the tropics associated with largeāscale ascent has been decreasing at a rate of ā1%/decade (ā5%/K) from 1979 to 2016, resulting from combined effects of interdecadal variability and anthropogenic forcings, with the former contributing more than the latter. The tightening of tropical ascent is associated with an increase in the occurrence frequency of extremely strong ascent, leading to an increase in the average precipitation rate in the top 1% of monthly rainfall in the tropics. At the margins of the convective zones such as the Southeast Amazonia region, the contraction of largeāscale ascent is related to a longāterm drying trend about ā3.2%/decade in the past 38 years
Export Of Malaysia Business-To-Business Services: An Examination Of Civil Engineering Consultancy
The surplus of balance of payment in the services sectors for the first time in 2007 portends the services sector becoming the main economic contributor to Malaysia, overtaking the industrial sector. Among the business-to-business services, engineering services is the most impressive. Among the 86 disciplines in engineering services, civil engineering has the highest number of registered engineers (i.e. 47.4% for 1986-2006 periods). A study was conducted to examine the export of Malaysiaās business-to-business services, notably civil engineering consultancies. Data was collected from postal questionnaire survey, face-to-face interviews and secondary sources
The Exhibition as Medium: Some Observations on the Cybernetisation of the Institution and the Exhibition
By going back to the critical moment of the cybernetisation of the museum and of the exhibition, this essay aims to put forward a thesis considering the exhibition as medium. It elaborates on the notion of medium by contrasting it with the notion of milieu. It proposes a genealogy of the exhibition as medium and describes a critical historical trajectory shaped by institutional and informational infrastructures
Precipitation, Circulation, and Cloud Variability Over the Past Two Decades
To better understand the variability of precipitation, circulation, and cloud, we examine the precipitation, vertical velocity, total cloud fraction, condensed water path, and ice water path from observations and 13 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models over 1988ā2008. All variables are averaged over wet areas and dry areas to investigate temporal variations of different variables over these regions. We found that all models demonstrate similar temporal variations of precipitation as the observational data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project, with positive trend over wet areas (6.22 Ā± 3.75 mm/mon/decade) and negative trend over dry areas (ā0.77 Ā± 0.54 mm/mon/decade). Positive trends of vertical velocity, total cloud fraction, condensed water path, and ice water path are also found in the observations and models over the wet areas. Observations also demonstrate decreasing trends of vertical velocity, total clouds, condensed water path, and ice water path over the dry areas, which can be simulated by most models with a few exceptions. The qualitatively consistent trends in these variables (i.e., vertical velocity, cloud, liquid, and ice water contents) as revealed from the observations and CMIPS models provide a clearer picture of the dynamics and physics behind the temporal variations of precipitation over different areas
The black hole to black hole phase transition probed by the D3-D7 model fermionic spectral functions
We consider the D3-D7 model and analyze the phase transition from the
black-hole phase to another black-hole phase using the spectral function of a
probe fermion on D7 in the presence of the finite density and temperature. From
the fermionic spectral functions, we study the temperature dependence of the
decay rate and we observe a jump in it at the critical temperature that
corresponds to the first order phase transition. We found that if we assume
that the Drude model works in this case so that the resistivity is proportional
to the fermion decay rate, the jump matches the resistivity data in a heavy
fermion material.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figure
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