A Curved-Double Slit Producing Both Arc-Interference Pattern Near Curved-Double Slit, and Point-Symmetry Interference Pattern Near Detector in Same Experiment

The interference and the diffraction are two basic phenomena in physical optics. It has been shown that: in the experiment of a double slit, the patterns depend on the shape of the double slit, e.g., a non-parallel double slit produces the hybrid pattern, the interference pattern embedded in the diffraction pattern; a curved double slit produces Point-Symmetry-Interference-Patterns. In this paper, we show for the first time the pattern evolution of a curved double slit experiment: near the curved double slit, the pattern is Pre-Particle pattern (at L = 10 mm), then evolve sequentially to Particle pattern (at L = 60 mm), to Transition pattern-1 (at L = 130 mm), to Arc-interference-pattern (at L = 200 mm), to Transition pattern-2 (at L = 400 mm), and finally, to Point-Symmetry-interference-pattern (at L = 900 mm) which has the point symmetry. We interpret Arc-interference-pattern (at L = 200 mm) in Section 3, and show the curvature dependence of Point-symmetry interference patterns. It is challenge to interpret Point-Symmetry-interference-pattern (at L = 900 mm), and to interpret pattern evolution

Non-Diffraction Patterns Evolving to Diffraction Patterns in Classical Wave Experiments --- New Challenge

The double slit has been extended to the cross double slits. The universal phenomena that, in classical double slit wave experiments, the nature and the characteristics of the patterns are distance-dependent. The pattern evolutions have been shown. In this article, we extend the single slit to the cross single slit, e.g., single slits crossing single slits, single slit crossing double slit, etc. Then we experimentally show that, within macroscopic distances from diaphragm, patterns are non-diffraction and gradually evolve to the diffraction patterns near the screen in the same single slit/cross single slit experiment. L: mmTilt single slit crossing single slit Single slit crossing single slit 4 single slits crossing Single slit crossing Ring Single slit crossing double slit 0* 10 50 110 1100 Challenge is to interpret consistently the non-diffraction patterns, the diffraction patterns, and the pattern evolution phenomena

Double Slit to Non-parallel Double Slit to Curved Double Slit

Young’s double slit experiment was called as "a phenomenon […] has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery. We cannot make the mystery go away by ‘explaining’ how it works". To study the mystery, we perform the non-crossing-slit-experiments and crossing-slit experiments and show phenomena: (1) in the same double slit or cross double slit experiments, the non-interference patterns gradually evolve to the interference patterns; (2) in the same single slit or cross single slit experiments, the non-diffraction patterns gradually evolve to the diffraction patterns; (3) in the same two-non-parallel-slits experiment, the non-wave patterns gradually evolve to the hybrid pattern (i.e., interference-pattern-embedded-in-diffraction-pattern); (4) in the same curved-double slit experiments, the non-interference patterns evolve to Seashell-shape interference patterns. The above phenomena show new mysteries that are more mysterious than that of the double slit experiments: it is challenge to consistently explain how they work. Those novel phenomena indicate that the standard theories of the double slit are incomplete. Novel experiments bring the search for the new theory of physical/quantum optics

Qudits of Multi-Single Slits, Multi-Double Slits and Multi-Triple Slits

One of tasks of quantum computing research is to reduce the components. We propose four kinds of Qudits, respectively formed by: (1) multi-single-slits; (2) multi-double-slits (multi-Qubits); (3) multi-triple-slits (multi-Qutrits); and (4) combination of (1), (2), (3)

Apparatus for embryo manipulation, electroporation and image capture.

<p>(A) A stereoscopic microscope for embryo manipulation. (B) Chamber-type electrodes with 1-mm gap used in this experiment. (C) Electro Cell Manipulator for generating electric pulses. (D) Nikon DS-Ri1 digital camera for image capture.</p

Effects of <i>Oct4</i>-targeting morpholinos on early development.

<p>(A) Blastocyst development following electroporation of zygotes with customized <i>Oct4</i> morpholinos at different concentrations and cultured for 3.5 d. (B) Blastocyst development following electroporation of zygotes with different morpholinos with a concentration of 0.4 mM. (C) Morphological appearance of electroporated zygotes obtained from the control and <i>Oct4</i>-MOs groups after being cultured for 3.5 d. The original magnification was ×100. (D) Nuclear Oct4 expression is absent in <i>Oct4</i>-MOs electroporated embryos but present in embryos obtained from the control groups. Each sample was counterstained with Hoechst 33342 to visualize DNA (blue). The original magnification was ×200.</p

Electroporation conditions and efficiencies for DNA and morpholinos.

a<p>The electroporation parameters contain voltage, pulse duration, number of pulses and repeats. Three replicate experiments were performed per embryonic stage.</p

Plasmid DNA and morpholinos were efficiently introduced into mouse preimplantation embryos by electroporation.

<p>1-cell embryos, 2-cell embryos, 4-cell embryos, 8-cell embryos and morulas were electroporated with pIRES2-AcGFP1-Nuc (A) or the lissamine conjugated morpholinos (B) and cultured for 24 h. pIRES2-AcGFP1-Nuc and morpholinos introduce, revealed by green fluorescent protein and lissamine fluorescence, respectively, is efficient. 4-cell embryos and 8-cell embryos were all developed from the electroporated 2-cell embryos. Original magnification was ×200.</p

DataSheet_1_Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study of causality between rheumatoid arthritis and myocardial infarction.zip

BackgroundEpidemiological evidence suggests an association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and myocardial infarction (MI). However, causality remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the causal association between RA and MI.MethodsUsing publicly available genome-wide association study summary datasets, bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) was performed using inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger regression, simple mode, and weighted mode methods.ResultsThe MR results for the causal effect of RA on MI (IVW, odds ratio [OR] = 1.041, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.007–1.076, P = 0.017; weighted median, OR = 1.027, 95% CI: 1.006–1.049, P = 0.012) supported a causal association between genetic susceptibility to RA and an increased risk of MI. MR results for the causal effect of MI on RA (IVW, OR = 1.012, 95% CI: 0.807–1.268, P = 0.921; weighted median, OR = 1.069, 95% CI: 0.855–1.338, P = 0.556) indicated that there was no causal association between genetic susceptibility to MI and an increased risk of RA.ConclusionBidirectional TSMR analysis supports a causal association between genetic susceptibility to RA and an increased risk of MI but does not support a causal association between genetic susceptibility to MI and an increased risk of RA.</p

Electroporation of <i>Oct4</i>-specific shRNA expression vectors.

<p>(A) Blastocyst development following electroporation of zygotes with custom <i>Oct4</i>-specific shRNA expression vectors at different concentrations and cultured for 3.5 d. (B) Blastocyst development following electroporation of zygotes with different shRNA expression vectors with a concentration of 100 µg/ml. (C) Morphological appearance of electroporated zygotes obtained from the control and <i>Oct4</i>-shRNA groups after being cultured for 3.5 d. Morphology (top) and fluorescence (bottom). The original magnification was ×100.</p