Advanced fuel cell based on Perovskite La-SrTiO3 semiconductor as the electrolyte with superoxide-ion conduction

A solid oxide fuel cell’s (SOFC) performance is largely determined by the ionic-conducting electrolyte. A novel approach is presented for using the semiconductor perovskite LaR0.25RSrR0.75RTiOR3R (LST) as the electrolyte by creating surface superionic conduction, and the authors show that the LST electrolyte can deliver superior power density, 908.2 mW·cmP-2P at just 550 °C. The prepared LST materials formed a heterostructure including an insulating core and a super ionic conducting surface layer. The rapid ion transport along the surfaces or grain boundaries was identified as the primary means of oxygen ion conduction. The fuel cell-induced phase transition was observed from the insulating LST to a super OP2-P conductivity of 0.221 S·cmP-1P at 550 °C, leading to excellent current and power outputs

Solar Interface Evaporation System Assisted by Mirror Reflection Heat Collection Based on Sunflower Chasing the Sun

In this study, a photothermal material, C-CP/MnO2, was prepared by compounding corrugated paper (CP) and MnO2, with excellent photothermal conversion efficiency. The porous structure and the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups enabled the material to have a good water transport function and a fast vapor escape rate. The special semihollow structure also allowed C-CP/MnO2 to have better thermal management and an evaporation rate that could reach 2.563 kg m–2 h–1 with an efficiency of 98.82% under 1 sun. The continuous arch structure inside C-CP/MnO2 was able to induce the Marangoni effect to achieve continuous desalination of high-concentration brine. The mirror heat collector achieved efficient light capture on the material surface through multiple reflections of light. This could increase the amount of radiation on the material surface by nearly 80%, and the evaporation rate could reach 4.314 kg m–2 h–1 under 1 sun. Moreover, this study demonstrated the light propagation path by simulating the light using Zemax to verify the correctness of the experimental results. Inspired by the sunflower chasing the sun, we designed a chasing heat collection system powered by solar panels to achieve efficient evaporation outdoors. This provided new ideas for further development of solar interface evaporation and also provided guidance for other industrial applications

Standard p<i>K</i>_a Scales of Carbon-Centered Indicator Acids in Ionic Liquids: Effect of Media and Structural Implication

Energetics of bond dissociation, especially the R–H bond heterolysis free energy (p<i>K</i>_a), has played a central role in promoting chemistry to become a rational science. Despite the oceans of acidity studies in the literature, the current knowledge is limited to that in the classical molecular solvents and is unable to be extended to anticipate the acidity changes in ionic media. As the latter is now very popular for replacing volatile organic solvents, it becomes highly desirable to know how the driving force of bond cleavage is varied as the medium composition is switched from neutral <i>molecules</i> to the charged <i>ions</i>. Here we describe a general approach to measure absolute p<i>K</i>_a’s in pure ionic liquid (IL). The standard conditions warranting accurate measurement were outlined. The p<i>K</i>_a’s of the selected 18 C–H type indicator acids in four ILs were determined and a convenient indicator platform was constructed for easy expansion of acidity scales. These absolute p<i>K</i>_a’s make possible, for the first time, direct comparisons of bond energies in IL with those in molecular solvent and in the gas phase and should be able to serve as the standard parameters for calibrating computational methods suitable for the studies in ionic media. The effect of cation and anion in IL in relation to structure was analyzed

Additional file 1: Table S1. of High mobility group box-1 contributes to anti-myeloperoxidase antibody-induced glomerular endothelial cell injury through a moesin-dependent route

Presenting a summary of the mass spectrometry results. (XLS 23 kb

Standard p<i>K</i>_a Scales of Carbon-Centered Indicator Acids in Ionic Liquids: Effect of Media and Structural Implication

Energetics of bond dissociation, especially the R–H bond heterolysis free energy (p<i>K</i>_a), has played a central role in promoting chemistry to become a rational science. Despite the oceans of acidity studies in the literature, the current knowledge is limited to that in the classical molecular solvents and is unable to be extended to anticipate the acidity changes in ionic media. As the latter is now very popular for replacing volatile organic solvents, it becomes highly desirable to know how the driving force of bond cleavage is varied as the medium composition is switched from neutral <i>molecules</i> to the charged <i>ions</i>. Here we describe a general approach to measure absolute p<i>K</i>_a’s in pure ionic liquid (IL). The standard conditions warranting accurate measurement were outlined. The p<i>K</i>_a’s of the selected 18 C–H type indicator acids in four ILs were determined and a convenient indicator platform was constructed for easy expansion of acidity scales. These absolute p<i>K</i>_a’s make possible, for the first time, direct comparisons of bond energies in IL with those in molecular solvent and in the gas phase and should be able to serve as the standard parameters for calibrating computational methods suitable for the studies in ionic media. The effect of cation and anion in IL in relation to structure was analyzed

sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221148895 - Supplemental material for Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the head and neck: a SEER analysis of prognostic factors for survival

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221148895 for Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the head and neck: a SEER analysis of prognostic factors for survival by Jing Wei, Hui Deng, Lihua Wu, Jianbo Song, Junping Zhang, Wenhui Yang, Mengxian Zhang and Hongtao Zhen in Journal of International Medical Research</p

Postsurface Selenization for High Performance Sb₂S₃ Planar Thin Film Solar Cells

Sb₂S₃ has attracted great research interest very recently as a promising absorber material for thin film photovoltaics because of their unique optical and electrical properties, binary compound and easy synthesis. Sb₂S₃ planar solar cells from evaporation method without hole-transport layer (HTM) assistance suffer from sulfur deficit vacancy and high back contact barrier. Herein, we developed a postsurface selenization treatment to Sb₂S₃ thin film in order to improve the device performance. The XRD, Raman, and UV–vis spectra indicated the treated film kept the typical characters of Sb₂S₃. TEM/EELS mapping of treated Sb₂S₃ film revealed that only surface adjacent section was partly selenized and formed Sb₂(S_<i>x</i>Se_1–<i>x</i>)₃ alloy. In addition, XPS results further unfolded that there was trace selenium doping in the bulk of Sb₂S₃ film. The treated HTM-free Sb₂S₃ based solar cells were fabricated and an improved efficiency of 4.17% was obtained. The obtained <i>V</i>_OC of 0.714 V was the highest and the power conversion efficiency also reached the top value among HTM-free planar Sb₂S₃ solar cells. The nonencapsulated device exhibited high stability. After storing in ambient air for up to 100 days, the device could maintain 90% efficiency. Systematic materials and device characterizations were implemented to investigate the improvement mechanism for postsurface selenization. The back alloying could suppress the rear contact barrier to improve the fill factor and carrier extraction capability. The bulk Se-doping helped to passivate the interface and bulk defects so as to improve the CdS/Sb₂S₃ heterojunction quality and enhance the long-wavelength photon quantum yield. The robust treatment method with multifunctional effect holds great potential for new chalcogenide thin film solar cell optimization

High Quantum Yield Blue Emission from Lead-Free Inorganic Antimony Halide Perovskite Colloidal Quantum Dots

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) of lead halide perovskite have recently received great attention owing to their remarkable performances in optoelectronic applications. However, their wide applications are hindered from toxic lead element, which is not environment- and consumer-friendly. Herein, we utilized heterovalent substitution of divalent lead (Pb²⁺) with trivalent antimony (Sb³⁺) to synthesize stable and brightly luminescent Cs₃Sb₂Br₉ QDs. The lead-free, full-inorganic QDs were fabricated by a modified ligand-assisted reprecipitation strategy. A photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) was determined to be 46% at 410 nm, which was superior to that of other reported halide perovskite QDs. The PL enhancement mechanism was unraveled by surface composition derived quantum-well band structure and their large exciton binding energy. The Br-rich surface and the observed 530 meV exciton binding energy were proposed to guarantee the efficient radiative recombination. In addition, we can also tune the inorganic perovskite QD (Cs₃Sb₂X₉) emission wavelength from 370 to 560 nm <i>via</i> anion exchange reactions. The developed full-inorganic lead-free Sb-perovskite QDs with high PLQY and stable emission promise great potential for efficient emission candidates

Location of the <i>cfr</i> gene in the 10 <i>E. coli</i> strains and their corresponding transformants.

<p>(a) S1-PFGE of the <i>cfr</i>-positive strains and their transformants, (b) subsequent southern hybridization with <i>cfr</i>-specific probe. Lanes: M, Low Range PFG Marker; 1, 8ZG1D; 2, 8ZG1D-21; 3, 8ZG12D; 4, 8ZG12D-50; 5, 1ZF13D; 6, 1ZF13D-22; 7, 2ZX7S; 8, 2ZX7S-41; 9, 8ZG6D; 10, 8ZG6D-59; 11, 3ZX12D; 12, 3ZX12D-6; 13, 8ZG8D; 14, 8ZG8D-81; 15 FS-P54; 16,FS-P54-2; 17,8ZB6D; 18, 8ZB6D-30; and 19,FS13Z3C.</p

UPGMA dendrogram, PFGE patterns, phylogenetic group and isolation date of <i>cfr</i>-positive <i>E. coli</i>.

<p>UPGMA dendrogram, PFGE patterns, phylogenetic group and isolation date of <i>cfr</i>-positive <i>E. coli</i>.</p