Table_1_Interactions between circulating inflammatory factors and autism spectrum disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study in European population.xlsx

BackgroundExtensive observational studies have reported an association between inflammatory factors and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but their causal relationships remain unclear. This study aims to offer deeper insight into causal relationships between circulating inflammatory factors and ASD.MethodsTwo-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis method was used in this study. The genetic variation of 91 circulating inflammatory factors was obtained from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) database of European ancestry. The germline GWAS summary data for ASD were also obtained (18,381 ASD cases and 27,969 controls). Single nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with the 91 inflammatory factors were used as instrumental variables. The random-effects inverse-variance weighted method was used as the primary analysis, and the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied. Sensitivity tests were carried out to assess the validity of the causal relationship.ResultsThe forward MR analysis results suggest that levels of sulfotransferase 1A1, natural killer cell receptor 2B4, T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5, Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand are positively associated with the occurrence of ASD, while levels of interleukin-7, interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta, and interleukin-2 are inversely associated with the occurrence of ASD. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase-10, caspase 8, tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine, and C-C motif chemokine 19 were considered downstream consequences of ASD.ConclusionThis MR study identified additional inflammatory factors in patients with ASD relative to previous studies, and raised a possibility of ASD-caused immune abnormalities. These identified inflammatory factors may be potential biomarkers of immunologic dysfunction in ASD.</p

Multicolored Mixed-Organic-Cation Perovskite Quantum Dots (FA_<i>x</i>MA_1–<i>x</i>PbX₃, X = Br and I) for White Light-Emitting Diodes

Organometal halide perovskites (such as CH₃NH₃PbX₃, X = Cl, Br, I) have received enormous interest due to their strikingly photoelectric properties. Here we develop a facile ligand-assisted reprecipitation method to synthesize NH₂CHNH₂PbX₃ (NH₂CHNH₂⁺, FA; X = Br and I) perovskite quantum dots (QDs) at room temperature. The FAPbX₃ perovskite QDs with uniform monodispersity (sized 4–7 nm) display relatively high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 60–75%. Through manipulating the mixed-organic-cation reactions, we achieve a series of multicolored perovskite QDs with continuously controllable emission wavelengths from 460 to 565 nm. Furthermore, we discuss the influence of ligands (oleic acid and n-octylamine) on PL properties and stabilities of perovskite QDs. Finally, we have successfully designed a white LED via compositing perovskite QDs and poly­(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which presents a high color rendering index. Considering those remarkable achievements, we believe our work will have great potential to meet various optoelectronic applications