47,097 research outputs found
Industrial policy for the medium to long-term
This report reviews the market failure and systems failure rationales for industrial
policy and assesses the evidence on part experience of industrial policy in the UK.
In the light of this, it reviews options for reshaping the design and delivery of
industrial policy towards UK manufacturing. These options are intended to
encourage a medium- to long-term perspective across government departments
and to integrate science, innovation and industrial policy
Numerical analysis of shells. Volume 3 - Engineer's program manual for ''STARS-2'' - Shell Theory Automated for Rotational Structures-2, digital computer program
Manual of engineering programming information for Shell Theory Automated for Rotational Structures /STARS 2/ - Vol.
Ethnicity-specific obesity cut-points in the development of Type 2 diabetes - a prospective study including three ethnic groups in the United Kingdom
Aims:
Conventional definitions of obesity, e.g. body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30Â kg/m2 or waist circumference cut-points of 102Â cm (men) and 88Â cm (women), may underestimate metabolic risk in non-Europeans. We prospectively identified equivalent ethnicity-specific obesity cut-points for the estimation of diabetes risk in British South Asians, African-Caribbeans and Europeans.
Methods:
We studied a population-based cohort from London, UK (1356 Europeans, 842 South Asians, 335 African-Caribbeans) who were aged 40â69 years at baseline (1988â1991), when they underwent anthropometry, fasting and post-load (75 g oral glucose tolerance test) blood tests. Incident Type 2 diabetes was identified from primary care records, participant recall and/or follow-up biochemistry. Ethnicity-specific obesity cut-points in association with diabetes incidence were estimated using negative binomial regression.
Results:
Diabetes incidence rates (per 1000Â person years) at a median follow-up of 19Â years were 20.8 (95% CI: 18.4, 23.6) and 12.0 (8.3, 17.2) in South Asian men and women, 16.5 (12.7, 21.4) and 17.5 (13.0, 23.7) in African-Caribbean men and women, and 7.4 (6.3, 8.7), and 7.2 (5.3, 9.8) in European men and women. For incidence rates equivalent to those at a BMI of 30Â kg/m2 in European men and women, age- and sex-adjusted cut-points were: South Asians, 25.2 (23.4, 26.6)Â kg/m2; and African-Caribbeans, 27.2 (25.2, 28.6)Â kg/m2. For South Asian and African-Caribbean men, respectively, waist circumference cut-points of 90.4 (85.0, 94.5) and 90.6 (85.0, 94.5)Â cm were equivalent to a value of 102Â cm in European men. Waist circumference cut-points of 84.0 (74.0, 90.0)Â cm in South Asian women and 81.2 (71.4, 87.4)Â cm in African-Caribbean women were equivalent to a value of 88Â cm in European women.
Conclusions:
In prospective analyses, British South Asians and African-Caribbeans had equivalent diabetes incidence rates at substantially lower obesity levels than the conventional European cut-points
Gravitational Effects in Quantum Mechanics
To date, both quantum theory, and Einstein's theory of general relativity
have passed every experimental test in their respective regimes. Nevertheless,
almost since their inception, there has been debate surrounding whether they
should be unified and by now there exists strong theoretical arguments pointing
to the necessity of quantising the gravitational field. In recent years, a
number of experiments have been proposed which, if successful, should give
insight into features at the Planck scale. Here we review some of the
motivations, from the perspective of semi-classical arguments, to expect new
physical effects at the overlap of quantum theory and general relativity. We
conclude with a short introduction to some of the proposals being made to
facilitate empirical verification.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures, review article. Submitted to Contemporary
Physic
Nonlocal quasinormal modes for arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional plasmonic resonators
Nonlocal effects have been shown to be responsible for a variety of
non-trivial optical effects in small-size plasmonic nanoparticles, beyond
classical electrodynamics. However, it is not clear whether optical mode
descriptions can be applied to such extreme confinement regimes. Here, we
present a powerful and intuitive quasinormal mode description of the nonlocal
optical response for three-dimensional plasmonic nanoresonators. The nonlocal
hydrodynamical model and a generalized nonlocal optical response model for
plasmonic nanoresonators are used to construct an intuitive modal theory and to
compare to the local Drude model response theory. Using the example of a gold
nanorod, we show how an efficient quasinormal mode picture is able to
accurately capture the blueshift of the resonances, the higher damping rates in
plasmonic nanoresonators, and the modified spatial profile of the plasmon
quasinormal modes, even at the single mode level. We exemplify the use of this
theory by calculating the Purcell factors of single quantum emitters, the
electron energy-loss spectroscopy spatial maps, as well as the Mollow triplet
spectra of field-driven quantum dots with and without nonlocal effects for
different size nanoresonators. Our nonlocal quasinormal mode theory offers a
reliable and efficient technique to study both classical and quantum optical
problems in nanoplasmonics
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