Marine protected areas

The oceans and seas under Australian jurisdiction include the full range of ocean temperature zones, from tropical to polar, ranging from the spectacular coral reefs of the tropical north to the majestic kelp forests of the temperate south. This environmental diversity explains the rich variety of life found in Australia’s oceans. Australia\u27s marine environments contain more than 4,000 fish varieties and tens of thousands of species of invertebrates, plants and micro-organisms. Large areas have been little explored and new species are often discovered. Scientists estimate that about 80% of the species in Australia’s southern oceans occur nowhere else in the world. This paper looks at competing uses of the oceans, threats and regulatory arrangements

Internet censorship and mandatory filtering

This paper outlines the current debate over the Commonwealth Government\u27s filtering scheme for internet content and the practice of governments in other countries. It concludes: \u27With the limited exceptions of Germany and Italy, mandatory ISP level filtering is not a feature of any of the countries reviewed. In place, rather, are voluntary ISP filtering schemes designed to prevent accidental access to a defined list of illegal sites containing child pornography. However, in the UK the position seems to be that the internet industry is encouraged to participate in this scheme, under threat of regulatory intervention should it fail to do so. The line between mandatory and voluntary participation is not clear-cut.\u2

Transport problems facing large cities

This paper considers the problems facing transport policy in large cities. As the world’s cities have become home to the vast majority of their national population, governments are faced with the challenge of providing transport infrastructure to accommodate the needs of their citizens. In many of the world’s largest cities, the majority of travel is by private car, which poses two problems – road congestion and greenhouse gas emissions

Age, but Not Experience, Affects Courtship Gene Expression in Male Drosophila melanogaster

Mutation screens in model organisms have helped identify the foundation of many fundamental organismal phenotypes. An emerging question in evolutionary and behavioral biology is the extent to which these “developmental” genes contribute to the subtle individual variation that characterizes natural populations. A related question is whether individual differences arise from static differences in gene expression that arose during previous life stages, or whether they are due to dynamic regulation of expression during the life stage under investigation. Here, we address these questions using genes that have been discovered to control the development of normal courtship behavior in male Drosophila melanogaster. We examined whether these genes have static or dynamic expression in the heads of adult male flies of different ages and with different levels of social experience. We found that 16 genes of the 25 genes examined were statically expressed, and 9 genes were dynamically expressed with changes related to adult age. No genes exhibited rapid dynamic expression changes due to social experience or age*experience interaction. We therefore conclude that a majority of fly “courtship” genes are statically expressed, while a minority are regulated in adults with respect to age, but not with respect to relevant social experience. These results are consistent with those from a recent microarray analysis that found none of the canonical courtship genes changed expression in male flies after brief exposure to females

Images and issues : the Queensland state elections of 1963 and 1966

This is the fullest account of electoral politics in an Australian State yet available. It provides detailed accounts of State parties and party leaders and of campaigning and candidates at the grass roots level throughout the sprawling State of Queensland. Queensland politics have a number of unique features: the predominance within the governing coalition of the Country Party; the long periods of Labor rule; the heavy weighting of rural electorates; the importance of local 'development' as a political issue. The account of the two campaigns in 1963 and 1966 is reinforced with a survey of 350 Brisbane voters in 1963, 200 of whom were re-interviewed in 1966. Thus, for the first time, we have a study of attitude change over a long period of time based on a sample of Australian voters. The book provides answers to basic questions about the apathy, the partisanship, and the amount of political knowledge possessed by Australian voters. It is essential reading for all politicians and political parties, and will be of value to journalists and psychologists, political scientists and historians, as well as to general readers interested in politics

Deformation conditions during syn-convergent extension along the Cordillera Blanca shear zone, Peru

Strain localization across the brittle-ductile transition is a fundamental process in accommodating tectonic movement in the mid-crust. The tectonically active Cordillera Blanca shear zone (CBSZ), a ~200-km-long normal-sense shear zone situated within the footwall of a discrete syn-convergent extensional fault in the Peruvian Andes, is an excellent field laboratory to explore this transition. Field and microscopic observations indicate consistent top-down-to-the-southwest sense of shear and a sequence of tectonites ranging from undeformed granodiorite through mylonite and ultimately fault breccia along the detachment. Using microstructural analysis, two-feldspar and Ti-in-quartz (TitaniQ) thermometry, recrystallized quartz paleopiezometry, and analysis of quartz crystallographic preferred orientations, we evaluate the deformation conditions and mechanisms in quartz and feldspar across the CBSZ. Deformation temperatures derived from asymmetric strain-induced myrmekite in a subset of tectonite samples are 410 ± 30 to 470 ± 36 °C, consistent with TitaniQ temperatures of 450 ± 60 to 490 ± 33 °C and temperatures \u3e400 °C estimated from microstructural criteria. Brittle fabrics overprint ductile fabrics within ~150 m of the detachment that indicate that deformation continued to lower-temperature (~280–400 °C) and/or higher-strain-rate conditions prior to the onset of pervasive brittle deformation. Initial deformation occurred via high-temperature fracturing and dissolution-precipitation in feldspar. Continued subsolidus deformation resulted in either layering of mylonites into monophase quartz and fine-grained polyphase domains oriented subparallel to macroscopic foliation or the interconnection of recrystallized quartz networks oriented obliquely to macroscopic foliation. The transition to quartz-controlled rheology occurred at temperatures near ~500 °C and at a differential stress of ~16.5 MPa. Deformation within the CBSZ occurred predominantly above ~400 °C and at stresses up to ~71.4 MPa prior to the onset of brittle deformation