Bats of Saint Martin, French West Indies/Sint Maarten, Netherlands Antilles

Six species of bats have been previously reported from the Antillean island of Saint Martin/Sint Maarten—Artibeus jamaicensis, Brachyphylla cavernarum, Molossus molossus, Tadarida brasiliensis, Noctilio leporinus, and Myotis nigricans nesopolus. Our field research reported herein documents an additional three species of bats from the island for the first time—Monophyllus plethodon, Ardops nichollsi, and Natalus stramineus. Re-examination of the single voucher of Myotis nigricans nesopolus has led us to exclude this species from the fauna of Saint Martin/Sint Maarten. Based on our field research and the study of specimens housed in museum collections, we present information on the eight species of bats that we have documented as occurring on Saint Martin/Sint Maarten. The average rate of fruit bat captures on Saint Martin/Sint Maarten (0.92 bats per net-night— BNN) falls towards the lower end of the range (0.65-2.47 BNN) reported from nearby islands in the northern Lesser Antilles and below the range (2.20-5.93 BNN) reported for mainland populations of Neotropical fruit bats. We discuss possible causes of these decreased population levels and we express some concerns about the future conservation status of the chiropteran fauna of the island

Midcourse Space Experiment Spacecraft and Ground Segment Telemetry Design and Implementation

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThis paper reviews the performance requirements that provided the baseline for development of the onboard data system, RF transmission system, and ground segment receiving system of the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) spacecraft. The onboard Command and Data Handling (C&DH) System was designed to support the high data outputs of the three imaging sensor systems onboard the spacecraft and the requirement for large volumes of data storage. Because of the high data rates, it was necessary to construct a dedicated X-band ground receiver system at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and implement a tape recorder system for recording and downlinking sensor and spacecraft data. The system uses two onboard tape recorders to provide redundancy and backup capabilities. The storage capability of each tape recorder is 54 gigabits. The MSX C&DH System can record data at 25 Mbps or 5 Mbps. To meet the redundancy requirements of the high-priority experiments, the data can also be recorded in parallel on both tape recorders. To provide longer onboard recording, the data can also be recorded serially on the two recorders. The reproduce (playback) mode is at 25 Mbps. A unique requirement of the C&DH System is to multiplex and commutate the different output rates of the sensors and housekeeping signals into a common data stream for recording. The system also supports 1-Mbps real-time sensor data and 16-kbps real-time housekeeping data transmission to the dedicated ground site and through the U.S. Air Force Satellite Control Network ground stations. The primary ground receiving site for the telemetry is the MSX Tracking System (MTS) at APL. A dedicated 10-m X-band antenna is used to track the satellite during overhead passes and acquire the 25-Mbps telemetry downlinks, along with the 1-Mbps and 16-kbps real-time transmissions. This paper discusses some of the key technology trade-offs that were made in the design of the system to meet requirements for reliability, performance, and development schedule. It also presents some of the lessons learned during development and the impact these lessons will have on development of future systems.International Foundation for TelemeteringProceedings from the International Telemetering Conference are made available by the International Foundation for Telemetering and the University of Arizona Libraries. Visit http://www.telemetry.org/index.php/contact-us if you have questions about items in this collection

Bats of Saint Martin, French West Indies/Sint Maarten, Netherlands Antilles

Six species of bats have been previously reported from the Antillean island of Saint Martin/Sint Maarten—Artibeus jamaicensis, Brachyphylla cavernarum, Molossus molossus, Tadarida brasiliensis, Noctilio leporinus, and Myotis nigricans nesopolus. Our field research reported herein documents an additional three species of bats from the island for the first time—Monophyllus plethodon, Ardops nichollsi, and Natalus stramineus. Re-examination of the single voucher of Myotis nigricans nesopolus has led us to exclude this species from the fauna of Saint Martin/Sint Maarten. Based on our field research and the study of specimens housed in museum collections, we present information on the eight species of bats that we have documented as occurring on Saint Martin/Sint Maarten. The average rate of fruit bat captures on Saint Martin/Sint Maarten (0.92 bats per net-night— BNN) falls towards the lower end of the range (0.65-2.47 BNN) reported from nearby islands in the northern Lesser Antilles and below the range (2.20-5.93 BNN) reported for mainland populations of Neotropical fruit bats. We discuss possible causes of these decreased population levels and we express some concerns about the future conservation status of the chiropteran fauna of the island

Aceptación final 24 abril

ABSTRACT: Six species of bats have been previously reported from the Antillean island of Saint Martin/Sint Maarten-Artibeus jamaicensis, Brachyphylla cavernarum, Molossus molossus, Tadarida brasiliensis, Noctilio leporinus, and Myotis nigricans nesopolus. Our field research reported herein documents an additional three species of bats from the island for the first time-Monophyllus plethodon, Ardops nichollsi, and Natalus stramineus. Re-examination of the single voucher of Myotis nigricans nesopolus has led us to exclude this species from the fauna of Saint Martin/Sint Maarten. Based on our field research and the study of specimens housed in museum collections, we present information on the eight species of bats that we have documented as occurring on Saint Martin/Sint Maarten. The average rate of fruit bat captures on Saint Martin/Sint Maarten (0.92 bats per net-night-BNN) falls towards the lower end of the range (0.65-2.47 BNN) reported from nearby islands in the northern Lesser Antilles and below the range (2.20-5.93 BNN) reported for mainland populations of Neotropical fruit bats. We discuss possible causes of these decreased population levels and we express some concerns about the future conservation status of the chiropteran fauna of the island. RESUMEN: Murciélagos de Saint Martin, Indias Occidentales francesas/Sint Maarten, Antillas holandesas. Seis especies de murciélagos han sido registradas previamente para la Isla de Saint Martin/Sint Maarten, en las Antillas: Artibeus jamaicensis, Brachyphylla cavernarum, Molossus molossus, Tadarida brasiliensis, Noctilio leporinus y Myotis nigricans nesopolus. Nuestras investigaciones de campo ha permitido documentar por primera vez la presencia de tres especies adicionales para la Isla: Monophyllus plethodon, Ardops nichollsi y Natalus stramineus. La reexaminación de un único ejemplar de Myotis nigricans nesopolus nos llevó a excluir a esta especie de la fauna de Saint Martin/Sint Maarten. Nuestros estudios de campo y la examinación de ejemplares depositados en colecciones de museos nos ha permitido presentar información sobre las ocho especies de murciéla-gos que hemos podido documentar en Saint Martin/Sint Maarten. El promedio de captura de murciélagos frugívoros (0.92 murciélagos por noche -BNN) cayó hacia el extremo mas bajo del rango (0.65-2.47 BNN) reportado para islas cercanas al norte en las Antillas Menores, y por debajo del rango (2.20-5.93 BNN) reportado para poblaciones de murciéla-gos frugívoros neotropicales del continente. Se discuten las posibles causas de esas disminuciones en los niveles poblacionales y se presentan comentarios sobre nuestras preocupaciones sobre el futuro del estado de conservación de la fauna de murciélagos de la isla

A Comparison of Spectroscopic Measurements of an Inductive Plasma Source with the INDUCT Model

Noninvasive spectroscopic measurements of an inductively driven hydrogen plasma source with density and temperature characteristic of plasma processing tools have been made with an ultimate application of cleaning of silicon substrates. These measurements allow full radial and axial profiles of electron density and temperature to be measured from absolutely calibrated multichannel spectroscopic measurements of upper state number densities and a collisional radiative model. Profiles were obtained over a range of powers from 50 to 200 W and pressures from 5 to 50 mTorr in hydrogen in a small cylindrical source. The hydrogen working gas and simple cylindrical geometry was chosen to simplify detailed comparisons with a 2D computational model (INDUCT95) which uses a fluid approximation for tbc plasma and neutral gas. The code calculates the inductive coupling of the 13.56 MHz RF source, the collisional, radiative, and wall losses as well as a chemistry model for electrons, H{sub 2}, H, H{sup +}, H{sub 2}, and H{sub 3}{sup +}. Simulation results were sensitive to the value for the wall coefficient. The simulation and experimental temperature and density profiles in r and z were in rough agreement, but some details were quite different. The simulated axial density profile was located under the coil while the measured density profiles extended well beyond the edges of the coil. The scaling of conditions with pressure and power was in rough agreement between experiment and simulations