Water resource conservation in Illinois

Reprint. Originally published: Illinois Academy of Science transactions ; v. 43 (1950)

Microbial oxidation of arsenite in a subarctic environment: diversity of arsenite oxidase genes and identification of a psychrotolerant arsenite oxidiser

Background: Arsenic is toxic to most living cells. The two soluble inorganic forms of arsenic are arsenite (+3) and arsenate (+5), with arsenite the more toxic. Prokaryotic metabolism of arsenic has been reported in both thermal and moderate environments and has been shown to be involved in the redox cycling of arsenic. No arsenic metabolism (either dissimilatory arsenate reduction or arsenite oxidation) has ever been reported in cold environments (i.e. < 10°C). Results: Our study site is located 512 kilometres south of the Arctic Circle in the Northwest Territories, Canada in an inactive gold mine which contains mine waste water in excess of 50 mM arsenic. Several thousand tonnes of arsenic trioxide dust are stored in underground chambers and microbial biofilms grow on the chamber walls below seepage points rich in arsenite-containing solutions. We compared the arsenite oxidisers in two subsamples (which differed in arsenite concentration) collected from one biofilm. 'Species' (sequence) richness did not differ between subsamples, but the relative importance of the three identifiable clades did. An arsenite-oxidising bacterium (designated GM1) was isolated, and was shown to oxidise arsenite in the early exponential growth phase and to grow at a broad range of temperatures (4-25°C). Its arsenite oxidase was constitutively expressed and functioned over a broad temperature range. Conclusions: The diversity of arsenite oxidisers does not significantly differ from two subsamples of a microbial biofilm that vary in arsenite concentrations. GM1 is the first psychrotolerant arsenite oxidiser to be isolated with the ability to grow below 10°C. This ability to grow at low temperatures could be harnessed for arsenic bioremediation in moderate to cold climates

Getting the facts through surveys and investigations

Cover title.Reprint. Originally published: Journal of soil and water conservation ; v. 7, no. 1 (January 1952).Caption title: The watershed, using it as a basis for soil and water conservation."This paper was presented at the Sixth Annual Meeting of SCSA held in Memphis, November 12-14, 1951.

Mortality experience with Illinois municipal wells

Includes bibliographical references."Reprinted from: Journal / American Water Works Association, Vol. 44, No. 3, March 1952.

1952-1955 Illinois drought with special reference to impounding reservoir design

Cover title.Bibliography: p. 50-51.Enumeration continues from preceding title

A Chimeric Nucleobase - Phenylazo Derivative as an Intrinsic Nucleobase Quencher

Molecular beacons are important bioanalytical probes which are most often constructed from a single-stranded oligonucleotide which has been labeled at opposite termini with a fluorophore and a quencher. When the fluorophore and quencher are in close proximity, no fluorescence is observed due to FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer). DABCYL (4-dimethylaminoazobenzene- 4\u27-carboxylic acid) has been used as a quencher in the molecular beacon to absorbs excitation energy from a fluorophore and to dissipate the energy as heat. However, DABCYL is unable to form a base-pair and is conventionally placed as an overhanging residue. This produces a derivative wherein the chromophore has substantial mobility and limits the types of other conjugates that can be prepared. In order to overcome these limitations, we have embarked on the synthesis of deoxyribonucleoside and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) analogue possessing DMPAU (5-[(4-dimethylaminophenyl) diazenyl]uracil) as the nucleobase. DMPAU has DABCYL-like properties due to the installation of an azo moiety at the 5-position of the uracil base. This base is designed to have the ability to form a complementary base pair with adenosine by canonical hydrogen bonding and also to quench the fluorescence emission in a molecular beacon construct. Both DMPAUridine and DMPAU PNA analogue are determined to have same UV-Vis absorbance ranges as DABCYL and reasonable quenching effect to the fluorophore

Residential water use and family income

Reprint. Originally published: Journal American Water Works Association ; v. 43, no. 8 (August 1951).Cover title.Includes bibliographical references

Small scale energy release driven by supergranular flows on the quiet Sun

In this article we present data and modelling for the quiet Sun that strongly suggest a ubiquitous small-scale atmospheric heating mechanism that is driven solely by converging supergranular flows. A possible energy source for such events is the power transfer to the plasma via the work done on the magnetic field by photospheric convective flows, which exert drag of the footpoints of magnetic structures. In this paper we present evidence of small scale energy release events driven directly by the hydrodynamic forces that act on the magnetic elements in the photosphere, as a result of supergranular scale flows. We show strong spatial and temporal correlation between quiet Sun soft X-ray emission (from &lt;i&gt;Yohkoh&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;SOHO&lt;/i&gt; MDI-derived flux removal events driven by deduced photospheric flows. We also present a simple model of heating generated by flux submergence, based on particle acceleration by converging magnetic mirrors. In the near future, high resolution soft X-ray images from XRT on the &lt;i&gt;Hinode&lt;/i&gt; satellite will allow definitive, quantitative verification of our results

Distribution modelling and statistical phylogeography: an integrative framework for generating and testing alternative biogeographical hypotheses

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73644/1/j.1365-2699.2007.01814.x.pd

Detection of Active Caspase-3 in Mouse Models of Stroke and Alzheimer\u27s Disease with a Novel Dual Positron Emission Tomography/Fluorescent Tracer [68Ga]Ga-TC3-OGDOTA.

Apoptosis is a feature of stroke and Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD), yet there is no accepted method to detect or follow apoptosis in the brain in vivo. We developed a bifunctional tracer [Ga-68]Ga-TC3-OGDOTA containing a cell-penetrating peptide separated from fluorescent Oregon Green and Ga-68-bound labels by the caspase-3 recognition peptide DEVD. We hypothesized that this design would allow [Ga-68]Ga-TC3-OGDOTA to accumulate in apoptotic cells. In vitro, Ga-TC3-OGDOTA labeled apoptotic neurons following exposure to camptothecin, oxygen-glucose deprivation, and -amyloid oligomers. In vivo, PET showed accumulation of [Ga-68]Ga-TC3-OGDOTA in the brain of mouse models of stroke or AD. Optical clearing revealed colocalization of [Ga-68]Ga-TC3-OGDOTA and cleaved caspase-3 in brain cells. In stroke, [Ga-68]Ga-TC3-OGDOTA accumulated in neurons in the penumbra area, whereas in AD mice [Ga-68]Ga-TC3-OGDOTA was found in single cells in the forebrain and diffusely around amyloid plaques. In summary, this bifunctional tracer is selectively associated with apoptotic cells in vitro and in vivo in brain disease models and represents a novel tool for apoptosis detection that can be used in neurodegenerative diseases