Advances and Trends in Voltammetric Analysis of Dyes

Since 1856 when W. H. Perkin synthesized the first synthetic dye (Mauveine), a wide variety of colors and shades are produced and used in several commercial products. The occurrence in water and wastewater has gained controversy regarding their toxicity and mutagenicity and it has been regulation by several regulatory agencies. Thus, analytical methods able to determine these colorings in several matrices with high sensitive and robust enough are relevant. Among several analytical methods, the use of electroanalytical methods, especially the voltammetric techniques, are of great interest due to the high selectivity, sensitivity, use of low quantity of sample, little or without sample treatment, and low waste generation, which contributes to reduced environmental impact. Over the past decades, the technical based on current-potential curves by using of static electrodes have gained considerable progress, as minimizing the effect of capacitive current and the possibility of pre-concentration of the analyte at the electrode surface, which has reflected in lower detection levels. The present work gives an overview about the analytical methods available in literature focusing on electroanalysis of dyes by using voltammetric techniques. The advances of the electroanalytical techniques and the use of different modifiers to increase sensitivity and selectivity are reviewed

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PERCEPTION OF ANTICIPATING 2022 GLOBAL HUMAN MONKEYPOX INFECTION AMONG INTERNAL MEDICINE RESIDENTS AT PALEMBANG INDONESIA: AN ONLINE SURVEY

Rapid increasing cases of Monkeypox infections in countries around the world, forcing medical professionals to be prepared to prevent it becoming the next global pandemic. We conducted the study to determine knowledge, attitude, and perception of doctors regarding preparedness for 2022 human monkeypox infection. This cross-sectional design research was conducted on 2-5 of August 2022, by circulating an online survey link to all internal medicine residents at the medical faculty of Universitas Sriwijaya, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin hospital Palembang Indonesia. The survey contained questions about the respondent's characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about Monkeypox infection. A total of 75 residents agreed and completed the survey and were analyzed, with a mean age of 31 years, and 49 men (65.3%). Respondents’ knowledge of monkeypox is not very good. Almost all respondents knew that monkeypox was transmitted by direct contact, but only 53.4% knew that monkeypox was not transmitted airborne, 34.7% not sexually, and only 18.7% answered correctly that there was no specific therapy. The percentage who answered in doubt ranged from 20-30%. Respondents' attitudes and perceptions were quite good. Almost all equipped themselves with personal protective equipment and try to find information about monkeypox by attending seminars, downloading guidelines and reading online articles. A total of 58 people (77.3%) were willing to be vaccinated against monkeypox. Residents must increase the correct knowledge about this disease in order to be able to manage appropriately if they encounter cases of monkeypox infection

Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TGT dengan Media Kokami untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah masih rendahnya hasil belajar siswa kelas IV di MI Yusuf Abdussatar Kediri pada mata pelajaran IPA. Hal ini disebabkan karena guru sangat jarang menerapkan model dan menggunakan media dalam proses pembelajarn dan juga masih bersifat satu arah atau masih berpusat pada guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dengan media kokami pada siswa kelas IV di MI Yusuf Abdussatar Kediri tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan evaluasi serta refleksi. Hasil belajar yang diukur yaitu nilai kognitif. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data berupa metode observasi dan tes. Hasil observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II. Skor aktivitas siswa sebanyak 59,72% dengan kategori aktif meningkat menjadi 85,41% dengan kategori sangat aktif pada siklus II. Begitu juga skor aktivitas guru dari 68,66% dengan kategori terlaksana baik meningkat menjadi 92,10% dengan kategori terlaksana sangat baik pada siklus II. Selain itu, hasil belajar siswa juga mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II. Pada siklus I jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 14 orang dan yang tidak tuntas sebanyak 9 orang dengan ketuntasan belajar klasikal 60,86%. Pada siklus II jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 22 orang dan yang tidak tuntas sebanyak 1 orang dengan ketuntasan klasikal 95,65%. Dengan demikian, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dengan media kokami dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajara IPA Kelas IV di MI Yusuf Abdussatar Kediri tahun pelajaran 2017/2018

A CASE REPORT OF MODERATE COVID-19 AND MALARIA FALCIPARUM CO-INFECTION WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIA

The COVID-19 pandemic that attacks the world has made the attention of all medical personnel focused on this disease. The clinical picture is similar to other infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue, influenza, etc., which often leads to misdiagnosis. We report the case of a man, 31 years old, with a history of travel and complaints of high fever persisting for more than 7 days. On physical examination, the temperature was 39-40 C, others were within normal limits. Initial platelet count was 69 x 103/µL, leukocytes was 15.52 x 109/L, CRP was 96 mg/L. The blood smear found Plasmodium falciparum, and PCR SARS-CoV-2 was positive. Chest X-ray showed pneumonia. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and primaquine therapies were administered for malaria, as well as favipiravir, azithromycin, and other symptomatic therapy for COVID-19. Platelets decreased to 38 x 103/µL while D-dimer level increased (> 20 mg/L). Anticoagulant was delayed. On monitoring after therapy, the platelets returned to normal, the D-dimer level decreased, and there was no bleeding. The co-infectious conditions of malaria and COVID-19 should be suspected in patients with suggestive symptoms and travel history from endemic areas, therefore both examinations should be performed. This co-infection has the potential to cause hyper inflammation and hypercoagulation and this is associated with a poor prognosis. Appropriate treatment is needed

PEMBERIAN N-ASETYLSISTEIN TERHADAP KADAR IFN-GAMMA PADA PENDERITA HIV/AIDS YANG MENJALANI PENGOBATAN ANTIRETROVIRAL

HIV merupakan penyakit infeksi yang masih menjadi masalah besar kesehatan di Indonesia maupun dunia. Berbagai macam bentuk infeksi yang disebabkan oleh HIV, salah satunya ditandai dengan turunnya jumlah sel limfosit T CD4+ dan juga penurunan kadar IFN-GAMMA yang dapat menyebabkan percepatan replikasi virus hingga terjadi kegagalan sistem imun. NAC yang merupakan antioksidan diharapkan dapat memperbaiki kondisi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian NAC terhadap perubahan kadar IFN-GAMMA  pada penderita HIV/AIDS di RSUP dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinik acak tersamar ganda. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 32 pasien HIV/AIDS yang menjalani pengobatan ARV di RSUP dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang dibagi secara acak ke dalam 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok Plasebo dan NAC. Pada kelompok Plasebo, pasien diberi kapsul yang berisi laktosa dengan dosis 3x1 kapsul/hari, sedangkan kelompok NAC, diberi NAC dengan dosis 3x 200 mg/hari. Setiap kelompok diberi perlakuan sama selama 12 minggu. Darah pasien diambil sebelum dan setelah perlakuan untuk diperiksa kadar IFN-GAMMA . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok uji yang diberikan NAC maupun placebo tidak menunjukkan perubahan kadar IFN-GAMMA yang bermakna setelah 12 minggu perlakuan. Kesimpulan penelitian, pemberian NAC tidak mempengaruhi kadar IFN-GAMMA pada penderita HIV/AIDS yang menjalani pengobatan ARV.HIV is an infectious disease that becomes a major health problem in Indonesia and the world. There are various forms of infection caused by HIV, one of which is marked by a decrease in the number of CD4 + T lymphocytes and a decrease in IFN-GAMMA level which can accelerate viral replication to the point of immune system failure. NAC, an antioxidant, is expected to improve this condition. This research aimed to determine the effect of NAC on IFN-GAMMA levels in HIV / AIDS patients in Dr. Mohammad HoesinCentral Hospital, Palembang. This research was a randomized double blind clinical trial. The samples were 32 HIV / AIDS patients who were undergoing ARV treatment at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Central Hospital, Palembang, which were randomly divided into 2 groups; the placebo and the NAC groups. In the placebo group, patients were given capsules containing lactose at a dose of 3x1 capsules / day, while patients in the NAC group were given NAC at a dose of 3 x 200 mg / day. Each group was given the same treatment for 12 weeks. The patients’ blood were taken before and after treatment to check their IFN-GAMMA levels. The results showed that both groups did not show any significant changes in IFN-GAMMA levels after 12 weeks of treatment. The conclusion of this researchis that NAC administration did not affect IFN-GAMMA levels in HIV / AIDS patients who were undergoing ARV treatment.

Terjemah tarikh al-tasry al-Islami (sejarah) pembina hukum Islam

603 p.; 21 cm

Tarjamah tarikh al-tasry al-Islami (sejarah) pembina hukum Islam

603 p.; 21 cm