Un verger plus libre. SALSA ou le Système d'Arbre Libre Sans Artifice

National audienceLes évolutions depuis 30 ans conduisent à proposer des concepts de gestion de l'arbre en verger plus respectueux de sa physiologi

Pink Lady® : Cripps Pink cov

Correspondance : [email protected] audienceFiche variétale Pink Lad

Investigating effects of over-irrigation and deficit irrigation on yield and fruit quality in pink ladytm “rosy glow” apple

Fruit production has to be adapted to climate change that is often associated with heat and water deficit episodes.To develop efficient strategies on how to manage commercial orchards under deficit water supply, we need to know the effects of water-stress on crop production. However, when the water supply is abundant apple growers often think that over-irrigation gives higher marketable fruit yield than potential evapotranspiration-based or sensor-based (e.g. tensiometer, dendrometer) irrigation. We therefore aimed to evaluate the effects of three water regimes, namely well-watered (100% of crop evapotranspiration – ETc, WW), 25% of ETc water deficit over the season (water-stressed, WS), and twofold of WW (200% of ETc, 2xWW), on midday stem water potential (SWP), crop yield and fruit quality of Pink LadyTM ‘Rosy Glow’ apples. As expected, SWP was lower in WS than in the others, but both WS and 2xWW decreased fruit yield, although 2xWW tended to increase yield in the >70% color class and ensured quite a constant amount of yield at each picking time. Soluble solid content (SSC) in fruit was higher in WS. As a whole, our results suggest that over-irrigation that is sometimes recommended to keep a safety margin should beconsidered with caution. Rather, a mild water-stress, between WS and WW in our experiment, may representa good compromise for a good quality yield

Effects of preharvest deficit irrigation treatments in combination with reduced nitrogen fertilization on orchard performance of nectarine with emphasis on postharvest diseases and pruning weights

Effects of preharvest deficit irrigation treatments in combination with reduced nitrogen fertilization on orchard performance of nectarine with emphasis on postharvest diseases and pruning weight

Growth responses to water stress and vapour pressure deficit in nectarine

International audienceDiel growth dynamic is one of the most significant interest areas of plant-water relations, with practical applications for irrigation scheduling. In the present study, we determined the effects of two irrigation regimes: well-watered (WW) and waterstressed (WS) on diel branch growth dynamic. Dendrometers were placed on main branches of 10-year-old nectarine trees for both treatments, in a commercial orchard. The readings were monitored at ~15 min intervals. The amount of irrigation water was determined using evapotranspiration (ET) values, with full irrigation for WW and 25% water restriction for WS. During this period, the days that were high (1.62 kPa) and low (0.11 kPa) in maximum (max) vapour pressure deficit (VPD) were taken as extreme days. The timing of the maximum diameter increment of the branch in both extreme days did not change notably with irrigation treatment and VPD. In the high VPD day, the maximum diameter of the branch was earlier compared to the low VPD day. However, the timing of minimum diameter showed a difference between water regimes on the low VPD day, with an earlier/later minimum on WW-branch. The higher VPD in WW increased the maximum diel shrinkage in the branch compared to WS. As a whole, our study showed that for a given water regime, the diameter growth of a branch may be strongly altered by VPD

Granny Smith

Correspondance : [email protected] audienceFiche variétale Granny Smit

Augmenter le potentiel de production par la conduite centrifuge

UMR DAP, équipe AFEFNational audienceLa conduite centrifuge permet d’augmenter le potentiel de production tout en maintenant un bon niveau de qualité du frui

Reine des reinettes et ses mutants

Correspondance : [email protected] audienceFiche variétale Reine des Reinette

A set of vegetative morphological variables to objectively estimate apple (Malus x domestica) tree orchard vigour

Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699International audienceOrchard vigour, defined as the intensity of vegetative growth, is an important indicator for crop management in fruit tree cropping systems. It is often evaluated in commercial plots by experts on a non-formalised basis or measured with a single variable known as trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA). In this article, we proposed a set of 11 tree or plot morphological vegetative variables for apple orchards and applied it on 117 farm plots in south-eastern France. Relationships between variables were studied by component analysis (CA) and plots were classified into four clusters according to the first two factors of the CA. These modelled vigour marks were compared to expert vigour marks on 14 plots. Plot modelled vigour classification was re-estimated with only three morphological variables and compared to the original classification. These morphological variables were: TCSA, number of water sprouts on the trunk and length of annual shoot at the distal part of fruiting branches at the bottom of the tree. The first three factors of the CA correspond to vegetative growth intensity, opposition between annual and cumulative growth and vigour balance, respectively. Modelled and expert plot vigour classifications were generally in agreement, except in the case of heterogeneous plots. Re-estimated and original modelled classifications were also in agreement, except in the case of older and more vigorous orchards. Results showed that plot vigour modelling based on these three morphological variables may be relevant. TCSA thus did not appear to be sufficient. Results are discussed in relation to plant architecture features

Pomme: la charge ne suffit pas à expliquer la qualité du fruit

UMR DAP, équipe AFEFNational audienceL’équilibre entre croissance végétative et fructification en limitant les fortes réactions végétatives de l’arbre permet de garantir une meilleure qualité de frui