An Efficient Gabor Walsh-Hadamard Transform Based Approach for Retrieving Brain Tumor Images from MRI

Brain tumors are a serious and death-defying disease for human life. Discovering an appropriate brain tumor image from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) archive is a challenging job for the radiologist. Most search engines retrieve images on the basis of traditional text-based approaches. The main challenge in the MRI image analysis is that low-level visual information captured by the MRI machine and the high-level information identified by the assessor. This semantic gap is addressed in this study by designing a new feature extraction technique. In this paper, we introduce Content-Based Medical Image retrieval (CBMIR) system for retrieval of brain tumor images from the large data. Firstly, we remove noise from MRI images employing several filtering techniques. Afterward, we design a feature extraction scheme combining Gabor filtering technique (which is mainly focused on specific frequency content at the image region) and Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT) (conquer technique for easy configuration of image) for discovering representative features from MRI images. After that, for retrieving the accurate and reliable image, we employ Fuzzy C-Means clustering Minkowski distance metric that can evaluate the similarity between the query image and database images. The proposed methodology design was tested on a publicly available brain tumor MRI image database. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach outperforms most of the existing techniques like Gabor, wavelet, and Hough transform in detecting brain tumors and also take less time. The proposed approach will be beneficial for radiologists and also for technologists to build an automatic decision support system that will produce reproducible and objective results with high accuracy

Red Panda Optimization Algorithm: An Effective Bio-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithm for Solving Engineering Optimization Problems

This paper presents a new bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called Red Panda Optimization (RPO) that imitates the natural behaviors of red pandas in nature. The main design idea of RPO is derived from two characteristic natural behaviors of red pandas: (i) foraging strategy, and (ii) climbing trees to rest. The proposed RPO approach is mathematically modeled in two phases of exploration based on the simulation of red pandas’ foraging strategy and exploitation based on the simulation of red pandas’ movement in climbing trees. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that there is no control parameter in its mathematical modeling, and for this reason, it does not need a parameter adjustment process. The performance of RPO is evaluated on fifty-two standard benchmark functions including unimodal, high-dimensional multimodal, and fixed-dimensional multimodal types as well as CEC 2017 test suite. The optimization results obtained by the proposed RPO approach are compared with the performance of twelve well-known metaheuristic algorithms. The simulation results show that RPO, by maintaining the balance between exploration and exploitation, is effective in solving optimization problems and its performance is superior over competitor algorithms. Based on the analysis of the optimization results, RPO has provided more successful performance compared to the competitor algorithms in 100% of unimodal functions, 100% of high-dimensional multimodal functions, 100% of fixed-dimensional multimodal functions, and 86.2% of CEC 2017 test suite benchmark functions. Also, the statistical analysis of the Wilcoxon rank sum test shows that the superiority of RPO in the competition with the compared algorithms is significant from a statistical point of view. In addition, the results of implementing RPO on four engineering design problems confirms the ability of the proposed approach to handle real-world optimization applications

Hodnocení dopadu mobility, velikosti sítě a času na výkonnost adaptivních směrovacích protokolů

A Mobile ad-hoc Network (MANET) protocol must be configured correctly to ensure efficient data transfer. To achieve this aim a suitable routing protocol must be selected. Therefore, selecting the correct routing protocol is a critical condition, and it presents a classic problem in MANET. Also, using the proper values of the parameter in routing protocols plays a crucial role in MANET. MANET comprises several node devices run by battery as a power source. The primary function of MANET nodes is transmitting data based on routing protocols; thus, routing protocols play an essential role in MANET. Simultaneously, all routing protocols serve the same function in the network, but they differ in their performance. The current paper investigates four routing protocols performance by using the network simulator (NS-2) with various nodes speed, time simulations, network load, and network size. The current project evaluated the protocol performance based on metrics parameters such as throughput, end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio. The simulation results showed that the ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol was the best in all previous metrics parameters. In contrast, Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) has the lowest performance. More details of the parameters have been presented in the current paperAby byl zajištěn efektivní přenos dat, musí být protokol MANET (Mobile ad-hoc Network) správně nakonfigurován. K dosažení tohoto cíle je třeba zvolit vhodný směrovací protokol. Výběr správného směrovacího protokolu je proto kritickou podmínkou a představuje klasický problém v síti MANET. Také použití správných hodnot parametrů ve směrovacích protokolech hraje v síti MANET zásadní roli. MANET se skládá z několika uzlových zařízení, která jsou napájena z baterie jako zdroje energie. Primární funkcí uzlů MANET je přenos dat na základě směrovacích protokolů; směrovací protokoly tedy hrají v MANET zásadní roli. Současně všechny směrovací protokoly plní v síti stejnou funkci, ale liší se svým výkonem. Tento článek zkoumá výkonnost čtyř směrovacích protokolů pomocí síťového simulátoru (NS-2) s různou rychlostí uzlů, časovými simulacemi, zatížením sítě a její velikostí. Hodnocena byla výkonnost protokolů na základě metrických parametrů, jako je propustnost, zpoždění mezi koncovými body a poměr doručení paketů. Výsledky simulace ukázaly, že protokol AODV (ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector) byl nejlepší ve všech předchozích parametrech metriky. Naopak nejnižší výkonnost má protokol ZRP (Zone Routing Protocol). Podrobnější údaje o parametrech byly uvedeny v tomto článku

Identifikování prvků symetrie ve výuce informatiky na české střední škole během pandemie Covid-19 z pohledu studentů

This article describes the research results aimed at distance education during the Covid-19 pandemic and closing schools and its symmetry with the classical state in terms of time, difficulty, and the mental and physical condition of students. An important aspect is therefore to maintain the symmetry of attitudes to teaching in face-to-face form and distance form. In terms of the eight-year gymnasium in the Czech Republic, students' attitudes to the teaching subject informatics were investigated. The main research questions in our study dealt with whether students felt equally balanced regarding the amount of tasks and time taken for home preparation during the Covid-19 outbreak compared with the time before the quarantine and their condition (both mental and physical) during the Covid-19 outbreak. The research was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire, which was answered by 110 out of 180 students. According to the results, it is evident that students felt that during the distance education, there are more tasks compared to face-to-face ones. Students also claimed to spend more time learning at distance education than at school. On the other hand, they agreed that the self-education schedule is suitable for them. In terms of the questionnaire, their condition (both mental and physical) was also evaluated, which was slightly above the average.Tento článek popisuje výsledky výzkumu zaměřeného na distanční vzdělávání během pandemie Covid-19 a jeho symetrii s klasickým stavem z hlediska času, obtížnosti a psychické a fyzické kondice studentů