MOESM1 of Integrated intracellular metabolic profiling and pathway analysis approaches reveal complex metabolic regulation by Clostridium acetobutylicum

Additional file 1. All the metabolites detected in our study and the results of pathway analysis

Supplementary document for Optical wireless communication system performance in natural water turbulence of any strength - 6153492.pdf

Supplemental document

Mean latencies (ms), language switch costs, and standard errors for the high and low inhibitory control (IC) group during the EEG experiment.

<p>Mean latencies (ms), language switch costs, and standard errors for the high and low inhibitory control (IC) group during the EEG experiment.</p

Grand average waveforms and topographic maps for L1 and L2 repeat trials for the high and low inhibitory control (IC) group.

<p>Grand average waveforms and topographic maps for L1 and L2 repeat trials for the high and low inhibitory control (IC) group.</p

One-Pot Synthesis of Pyrrolo­[1,2‑<i>a</i>]­quinoxaline Derivatives via a Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Domino Reaction

A copper-catalyzed process for the synthesis of pyrrolo­[1,2-<i>a</i>]­quinoxalines from readily available α-amino acids and 1-(2-halophenyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrroles is described. Different functional groups were well tolerated to give the corresponding products

Synthesis and Properties of Multicleavable Amphiphilic Dendritic Comblike and Toothbrushlike Copolymers Comprising Alternating PEG and PCL Grafts

Facile construction of novel functional dendritic copolymers by combination of self-condensing vinyl polymerization, sequence-controlled copolymerization and RAFT process was presented. RAFT copolymerization of a disulfide-linked polymerizable RAFT agent and equimolar feed ratio of styrenic and maleimidic macromonomers afforded multicleavable A_<i>m</i>B_<i>n</i> dendritic comblike copolymers with alternating PEG (A) and PCL (B) grafts, and a subsequent chain extension polymerization of styrene, <i>tert</i>-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and <i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide gave A_<i>m</i>B_<i>n</i>C_<i>o</i> dendritic toothbrushlike copolymers. (PEG)_<i>m</i>(PCL)_<i>n</i> copolymers obtained were of adjustable molecular weight, relatively low polydispersity (PDI = 1.10–1.32), variable CTA functionality (<i>f</i>_CTA = 4.3–7.5), and similar segment numbers of PEG and PCL grafts, evident from ¹H NMR and GPC-MALLS analyses. Their branched architecture was confirmed by (a) reduction-triggered degradation, (b) decreased intrinsic viscosities and Mark–Houwink–Sakurada exponent than their “linear” analogue, and (c) lowered glass transition and melting temperatures and broadened melting range as compared with normal A_<i>m</i>B_<i>n</i> comblike copolymer. In vitro drug release results revealed that the drug release kinetics of the disulfide-linked A_<i>m</i>B_<i>n</i> copolymer aggregates was significantly affected by macromolecular architecture, end group and reductive stimulus. These stimuli-responsive and biodegradable dendritic copolymer aggregates had a great potential as controlled delivery vehicles

Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles Radiolabeled with Iodine-125 as Potential New Radiopharmaceutical

The relatively high linear energy transfer of Auger electrons, which can cause clustered DNA damage and hence efficient cell death, makes Auger emitters excellent candidates for attacking metastasized tumors. Moreover, gammas or positrons are usually emitted along with the Auger electrons, providing the possibility of theragnostic applications. Despite the promising properties of Auger electrons, only a few radiopharmaceuticals employing Auger emitters have been developed so far. This is most likely explained by the short ranges of these electrons, requiring the delivery of the Auger emitters to crucial cell parts such as the cell nucleus. In this work, we combined the Auger emitter 125I and ultrasmall gold nanoparticles to prepare a novel radiopharmaceutical. The 125I labeled gold nanoparticles were shown to accumulate at the cell nucleus, leading to a high tumor-killing efficiency in both 2D and 3D tumor cell models. The results from this work indicate that ultrasmall nanoparticles, which passively accumulate at the cell nucleus, have the potential to be applied in targeted radionuclide therapy. Even better tumor-killing efficiency can be expected if tumor-targeting moieties are conjugated to the nanoparticles

Versatile Synthesis of Multiarm and Miktoarm Star Polymers with a Branched Core by Combination of Menschutkin Reaction and Controlled Polymerization

Menschutkin reaction and controlled polymerization were combined to construct three types of star polymers with a branched core. Branched PVD was synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization and used as a core reagent to synthesize multiarm and miktoarm stars with poly­(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), polystyrene, poly­(methyl methacrylate), poly­(<i>tert</i>-butyl acrylate), and poly­(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) segments. Effects of reaction time, feed ratio, and arm length on coupling reaction between PVD and bromide-functionalized polymer were investigated, and a variety of A_<i>m</i>-type stars (<i>m</i> ≈ 7.0–35.1) were obtained. Meanwhile, A_<i>m</i>B_<i>n</i> stars (<i>m</i> ≈ 9.0, <i>n</i> ≈ 6.1–11.3) were achieved by successive Menschutkin reactions, and A_<i>m</i>C_<i>o</i> stars (<i>m</i> ≈ 8.8–9.0, <i>o</i> ≈ 5.0) were generated by tandem quaternization and RAFT processes. Molecular weights of various stars usually agreed well with the theoretical values, and their polydispersity indices were in the range of 1.06–1.24. The arm number, chain length, and chemical composition of star polymers could be roughly adjusted by control over reaction conditions and utilization of alternative methods, revealing the generality and versatility of these approaches. These ion-bearing stars were liable to exhibit solubility different from normal covalently bonded polymers, and the chain relaxation and melting behaviors of polymer segments were strongly dependent on the macromolecular architecture

MOESM1 of Integrating multi-omics analyses of Nonomuraea dietziae to reveal the role of soybean oil in [(4′-OH)MeLeu]4-CsA overproduction

Additional file 1: Figure S1. HPLC analysis of CsA and [(4’-OH)MeLeu]4-CsA. Figure S2. NMR analysis of CsA and [(4’-OH)MeLeu]4-CsA. Figure S3. HRMS analysis of CsA and [(4’-OH)MeLeu]4-CsA. Figure S4. 2DE-based proteomic profiles of N. dietziae. Proteins are extracted at different growth phases and media. Arrows point to the significantly differential proteins under MO condition and their characteristics are shown in Table 1. Table S1. Primers for qRT-PCR of the CYPs

Image_1_Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 Is Involved in Anti-viral Immune Response of Hepatitis B Virus by Trimming Hepatitis B Core Antigen to Generate 9-Mers Peptides.TIF

Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is a processing enzyme of antigenic peptides presented to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. ERAP1-dependent trimming of epitope repertoire determines an efficacy of adoptive CD8+ T-cell responses in several viral diseases; however, its role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains unknown. Here, we show that the serum level of ERAP1 in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (n = 128) was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (n = 44) (8.78 ± 1.82 vs. 3.52 ± 1.61, p + T cells led to 14–24% inhibition of the proliferation of CD8+ T cells. Finally, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) test demonstrated that ERAP1-IN-1 blocks completely the production of a 9-mers peptide (30–38, LLDTASALY) derived from Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). The predictive analysis by NetMHCpan-4.1 server showed that human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C*04:01 is a strong binder for the 9-mers peptide in HepG2.2.15 cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that ERAP1 trims HBcAg to produce 9-mers LLDTASALY peptides for binding onto HLA-C*04:01 in HepG2.2.15 cells, facilitating the potential activation of CD8+ T cells.</p