6 research outputs found
FineâTuning XâRay Sensitivity in OrganicâInorganic Hybrids via an Unprecedented MixedâLigand Strategy
Abstract Crystalline organicâinorganic hybrids, which exhibit colorimetric responses to ionizing radiation, have recently been recognized as promising alternatives to conventional Xâray dosimeters. However, Xârayâresponsive organicâinorganic hybrids are scarce and the strategy to fineâtune their detection sensitivity remains elusive. Herein, an unprecedented mixedâligand strategy is reported to modulate the Xâray detection efficacy of organicâinorganic hybrids. Deliberately blending the stimuliâresponsive terpyridine carboxylate ligand (tpcâ) and the auxiliary pbaâ group with different ratios gives rise to two OD thoriumâbearing clusters (Thâ102 and Thâ103) and a 1D coordination polymer (Thâ104). Notably, distinct Xâray sensitivity is evident as a function of molar ratio of the tpcâ ligand, following the trend of Thâ102 > Thâ103 > Thâ104. Moreover, Thâ102, which is exclusively built from the tpcâ ligands with the highest degree of ÏâÏ interactions, exhibits the most sensitive radiochromic and fluorochromic responses toward Xâray with the lowest detection limit of 1.5 mGy. The study anticipates that this mixedâligand strategy will be a versatile approach to tune the Xâray sensing efficacy of organicâinorganic hybrids
A cationic thorium-organic framework with triple single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation peculiarities for ultrasensitive anion recognition
Single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation of metal-organic frameworks has been met with great interest, as it allows for the creation of new materials in a stepwise manner and direct visualization of structural transitions when subjected to external stimuli. However, it remains a peculiarity among numerous metal-organic frameworks, particularly for the ones constructed from tetravalent metal cations. Herein, we present a cationic thorium-organic framework displaying unprecedented triple single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations in organic solvents, water, and NaIO3 solution. Notably, both the interpenetration conversion and topological change driven by the SC-SC transformation have remained elusive for thorium-organic frameworks. Moreover, the single-crystal-to-single-crystal transition in NaIO3 solution can efficiently and selectively turn the ligand-based emission off, leading to the lowest limit of detection (0.107 ÎŒg kg-1) of iodate, one of the primary species of long-lived fission product 129I in aqueous medium, among all luminescent sensors.Published versionThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22076196, 21906163, and 21876182), the Young Taishan Scholars Program (tsqn201909082), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR201910290031), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA21000000), and the K. C.Wong Education Foundation (GJTD-2018-10)
Two-Dimensional Inorganic Cationic Network of Thorium Iodate Chloride with Unique HalogenâHalogen Bonds
A unique two-dimensional
inorganic cationic network with the formula [Th<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(IO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>]Cl was synthesized hydrothermally.
Its crystal structure can best be described as positively charged
slabs built with hexanuclear thorium clusters connected by iodate
trigonal pyramids. Additional chloride anions are present in the interlayer
spaces but surprisingly are not exchangeable, as demonstrated by a
series of CrO<sub>4</sub><sup>2â</sup> uptake experiments.
This is because all chloride anions are trapped by multiple strong
halogenâhalogen interactions with short ClâI bond lengths
ranging from 3.134 to 3.333 Ă
, forming a special Cl-centered
trigonal-pyramidal polyhedron as a newly observed coordination mode
for halogen bonds. Density functional theory calculations clarified
that electrons transformed from central Cl atoms to I atoms, generating
a halogenâhalogen interaction energy with a value of about
â8.3 kcal mol<sup>â1</sup> per Cl···I
pair as well as providing a total value of â57.9 kcal mol<sup>â1</sup> among delocalized halogenâhalogen bonds, which
is a new record value reported for a single halogen atom. Additional
hydrogen-bonding interaction is also present between Cl and OH, and
the interaction energy is predicted to be â8.1 kcal mol<sup>â1</sup>, confirming the strong total interaction to lock
the interlayer Cl anions
Two-Dimensional Inorganic Cationic Network of Thorium Iodate Chloride with Unique HalogenâHalogen Bonds
A unique two-dimensional
inorganic cationic network with the formula [Th<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(IO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>]Cl was synthesized hydrothermally.
Its crystal structure can best be described as positively charged
slabs built with hexanuclear thorium clusters connected by iodate
trigonal pyramids. Additional chloride anions are present in the interlayer
spaces but surprisingly are not exchangeable, as demonstrated by a
series of CrO<sub>4</sub><sup>2â</sup> uptake experiments.
This is because all chloride anions are trapped by multiple strong
halogenâhalogen interactions with short ClâI bond lengths
ranging from 3.134 to 3.333 Ă
, forming a special Cl-centered
trigonal-pyramidal polyhedron as a newly observed coordination mode
for halogen bonds. Density functional theory calculations clarified
that electrons transformed from central Cl atoms to I atoms, generating
a halogenâhalogen interaction energy with a value of about
â8.3 kcal mol<sup>â1</sup> per Cl···I
pair as well as providing a total value of â57.9 kcal mol<sup>â1</sup> among delocalized halogenâhalogen bonds, which
is a new record value reported for a single halogen atom. Additional
hydrogen-bonding interaction is also present between Cl and OH, and
the interaction energy is predicted to be â8.1 kcal mol<sup>â1</sup>, confirming the strong total interaction to lock
the interlayer Cl anions
Facile and Efficient Decontamination of Thorium from Rare Earths Based on Selective Selenite Crystallization
The
coexistence of radioactive contaminants (e.g., thorium, uranium, and
their daughters) in rare earth minerals introduces significant environmental,
economic, and technological hurdles in modern rare earth production.
Efficient, low cost, and green decontamination strategies are therefore
desired to ameliorate this problem. We report here a single-step and
quantitative decontamination strategy of thorium from rare earths
based on a unique periodic trend in the formation of crystalline selenite
compounds across the lanthanide series, where CeÂ(III) is fully oxidized
in situ to CeÂ(IV). This gives rise to a crystallization system that
is highly selective to trap tetravalent f-blocks while all other trivalent
lanthanides completely remain in solution when coexist. These results
are bolstered by first-principles calculations of lattice energies
and an examination of bonding in these compounds. This system is contrasted
with typical natural and synthetic systems, where trivalent and tetravalent
f-block elements often cocrystallize. The separation factors after
one round of crystallization were determined from binary systems of
ThÂ(IV)/LaÂ(III), ThÂ(IV)/EuÂ(III), and ThÂ(IV)/YbÂ(III) to reach 2.1 Ă
10<sup>5</sup>, 1.2 Ă 10<sup>5</sup>, and 9 Ă 10<sup>4</sup>, respectively. Selective crystallization of thorium from a simulated
monazite composite yields a separation factor of 1.9 Ă 10<sup>3</sup> with nearly quantitative removal of thorium