Supplementary Material for: Identification and Characterization of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

<strong><em>Background/Aims:</em></strong> Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in stem cell differentiation. However, their role in osteogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), a promising cell source for bone regeneration, remains unknown. Here, we investigated the expression profile and potential roles of lncRNAs in osteogenic differentiation of human ASCs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Human ASCs were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts <i>in vitro</i>, <i>and</i> the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in undifferentiated and osteogenic differentiated ASCs were obtained by microarray. Bioinformatics analyses including subgroup analysis, gene ontology analysis, pathway analysis and co-expression network analysis were performed. The function of lncRNA <i>H19</i> was determined by <i>in vitro</i> knockdown and overexpression. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was utilized to examine the expression of selected genes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We identified 1,460 upregulated and 1,112 downregulated lncRNAs in osteogenic differentiated human ASCs as compared with those of undifferentiated cells (Fold change ≥ 2.0, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Among these, 94 antisense lncRNAs, 85 enhancer-like lncRNAs and 160 lincRNAs were further recognized. We used 12 lncRNAs and 157 mRNAs to comprise a coding-non-coding gene expression network. Additionally, silencing of <i>H19</i> caused a significantly increase in expression of osteogenesis-related genes, including <i>ALPL</i> and <i>RUNX2</i>, while a decrease was observed after <i>H19</i> overexpression. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study revealed for the first time the global expression profile of lncRNAs involved in osteogenic differentiation of human ASCs and provided a foundation for future investigations of lncRNA regulation of human ASC osteogenesis