209 research outputs found
QMNet: Importance-Aware Message Exchange for Decentralized Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
To improve the performance of multi-agent reinforcement learning under the
constraint of wireless resources, we propose a message importance metric and
design an importance-aware scheduling policy to effectively exchange messages.
The key insight is spending the precious communication resources on important
messages. The message importance depends not only on the messages themselves,
but also on the needs of agents who receive them. Accordingly, we propose a
query-message-based architecture, called QMNet. Agents generate queries and
messages with the environment observation. Sharing queries can help calculate
message importance. Exchanging messages can help agents cooperate better.
Besides, we exploit the message importance to deal with random access
collisions in decentralized systems. Furthermore, a message prediction
mechanism is proposed to compensate for messages that are not transmitted.
Finally, we evaluate the proposed schemes in a traffic junction environment,
where only a fraction of agents can send messages due to limited wireless
resources. Results show that QMNet can extract valuable information to
guarantee the system performance even when only of agents can share
messages. By exploiting message prediction, the system can further save
of wireless resources. The importance-aware decentralized multi-access
mechanism can effectively avoid collisions, achieving almost the same
performance as centralized scheduling
Short Tandem Repeat Profiles In Ovarian Carcinoma Cells During Primary Culture
Purpose Cell authentication is a necessary procedure to
avoid scientific data from cell culture experiments with
cross-contamination or false classification. A genetic fingerprint
pattern of a specimen by short tandem repeats
(STR) is self-evident. Due to high amount of chromosomal
rearrangements, known in epithelia ovary cancer cells and
the instable STR pattern described in other tumour entities
like leukaemia, this study explores the suitability of STR
profiling for primary cultured epithelial ovary cancer cells.
Methods STR profiles of epithelial ovary cancers of 16
patients were compared with corresponding blood and
corresponding primary cell cultures. The primary cell
cultures of epithelial ovary tumours were passaged up to 28
times. In between, cultures were cryo conserved and
recultured again, two to five times per patient.
Results In two cases, the STR pattern of tumour lost
alleles (1/16 and 3/16) in comparison of corresponding
STR-pattern from blood. In comparison to blood, cell
culture of a third case, lost four alleles (4/16) accompanied
with morphologic changes after 14th passage. It is equal
after cryo conservation of the seventh passage from the
same patient. The only changes in STR profiles we recognized
are losses of alleles. Remaining STR markers
allow authentication.
Conclusions Very likely, the allelic drop-outs beyond
passage 14 assume complex genetic losses of heterozygosis
resulting in changed growth behaviour of cells. All other
STR-profiles of remaining 15 patients analysed in this
study are stable over all passages and freeze–thaw processes.
Thus, ovary cancer cell cultures in research should
be authenticated by STR-profile in general
Effective Real Image Editing with Accelerated Iterative Diffusion Inversion
Despite all recent progress, it is still challenging to edit and manipulate
natural images with modern generative models. When using Generative Adversarial
Network (GAN), one major hurdle is in the inversion process mapping a real
image to its corresponding noise vector in the latent space, since its
necessary to be able to reconstruct an image to edit its contents. Likewise for
Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models (DDIM), the linearization assumption in
each inversion step makes the whole deterministic inversion process unreliable.
Existing approaches that have tackled the problem of inversion stability often
incur in significant trade-offs in computational efficiency. In this work we
propose an Accelerated Iterative Diffusion Inversion method, dubbed AIDI, that
significantly improves reconstruction accuracy with minimal additional overhead
in space and time complexity. By using a novel blended guidance technique, we
show that effective results can be obtained on a large range of image editing
tasks without large classifier-free guidance in inversion. Furthermore, when
compared with other diffusion inversion based works, our proposed process is
shown to be more robust for fast image editing in the 10 and 20 diffusion
steps' regimes.Comment: Accepted to ICCV 2023 (Oral
HollowNeRF: Pruning Hashgrid-Based NeRFs with Trainable Collision Mitigation
Neural radiance fields (NeRF) have garnered significant attention, with
recent works such as Instant-NGP accelerating NeRF training and evaluation
through a combination of hashgrid-based positional encoding and neural
networks. However, effectively leveraging the spatial sparsity of 3D scenes
remains a challenge. To cull away unnecessary regions of the feature grid,
existing solutions rely on prior knowledge of object shape or periodically
estimate object shape during training by repeated model evaluations, which are
costly and wasteful.
To address this issue, we propose HollowNeRF, a novel compression solution
for hashgrid-based NeRF which automatically sparsifies the feature grid during
the training phase. Instead of directly compressing dense features, HollowNeRF
trains a coarse 3D saliency mask that guides efficient feature pruning, and
employs an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) pruner to
sparsify the 3D saliency mask during training. By exploiting the sparsity in
the 3D scene to redistribute hash collisions, HollowNeRF improves rendering
quality while using a fraction of the parameters of comparable state-of-the-art
solutions, leading to a better cost-accuracy trade-off. Our method delivers
comparable rendering quality to Instant-NGP, while utilizing just 31% of the
parameters. In addition, our solution can achieve a PSNR accuracy gain of up to
1dB using only 56% of the parameters.Comment: Accepted to ICCV 202
Vascular endothelial growth factor-B gene transfer exacerbates retinal and choroidal neovascularization and vasopermeability without promoting inflammation
The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-B in the eye is poorly understood. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of overexpression of VEGF-B via adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer on ocular angiogenesis, inflammation, and the blood-retinal barrier (BRB).Three recombinant AAV vectors were prepared, expressing the 167 (AAV-VEGF-B167) or 186 amino acid isoform (AAV-VEGF-B186) of VEGF-B or the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene (AAV-GFP). Approximately 1 x 10\u2079 viral genome copies of AAV-VEGF-B167, AAV-VEGF-B186, or AAV-GFP were intraocularly injected. The efficacy of the gene transfer was assessed by directly observing GFP, by immunohistochemistry, or by real-time PCR. A leukostasis assay using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Concanavalin A was used to evaluate inflammation. The BRB was assessed using a quantitative assay with \ub3H-mannitol as a tracer. Retinal neovascularization (NV) was assessed at postnatal day 17 in oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy after intravitreal injection of AAV-VEGF-B in left eyes and AAV-GFP in right eyes at postnatal day 7. Two weeks after injection of AAV vectors, choroidal NV was generated by laser photocoagulation and assessed 2 weeks later.GFP expression was clearly demonstrated, primarily in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retina, 1-6 weeks after delivery. mRNA expression levels of VEGF-B167 and VEGF-B186 were 5.8 and 12 fold higher in the AAV-VEGF-B167- and AAV-VEGF-B186-treated groups, respectively. There was no evidence of an inflammatory response or vessel abnormality following injection of the vectors in normal mice; however, VEGF-B increased retinal and choroidal neovascularization. AAV-VEGF-B186, but not AAV-VEGF-B167, enhanced retinal vascular permeability.VEGF-B overexpression promoted pathological retinal and choroidal NV and BRB breakdown without causing inflammation, which is associated with the progression of diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, showing that these complications are not dependent on inflammation. VEGF-B targeting could benefit antiangiogenic therapy
Can prophylactic transvaginal cervical cerclage improve pregnancy outcome in patients receiving cervical conization? A meta-analysis
Objectives: Cervical conization could increase the risk of cervical insufficiency. This study systematically evaluated the value of prophylactic transvaginal cervical cerclage following cervical conization with regards to pregnancy outcome. Material and methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature, using Web of Science, and Embase, the published time ranged from the date that database established to December 2019. Pregnant patients, who had a previous history of cervical conization for CIN or early cervical cancer, were enrolled. Two researchers searched these databases and estimated the included studies' quality independently, depending on the same criteria. Results: Our meta-analysis is incorporate 3560 cases eventually. Meta-analysis showed that when compared to the no-cerclage group, the risk ratio (RR) of preterm birth in the prophylactic transvaginal cervical cerclage group was 1.85 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–2.80; p = 0.004); the RR of premature rupture of membranes was 1.5 (95% CI: 1.17–1.93; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The rates of preterm birth were significantly higher in women following cervical conization with transvaginal cerclage than those without cerclage
AutoShot: A Short Video Dataset and State-of-the-Art Shot Boundary Detection
The short-form videos have explosive popularity and have dominated the new
social media trends. Prevailing short-video platforms,~\textit{e.g.}, Kuaishou
(Kwai), TikTok, Instagram Reels, and YouTube Shorts, have changed the way we
consume and create content. For video content creation and understanding, the
shot boundary detection (SBD) is one of the most essential components in
various scenarios. In this work, we release a new public Short video sHot
bOundary deTection dataset, named SHOT, consisting of 853 complete short videos
and 11,606 shot annotations, with 2,716 high quality shot boundary annotations
in 200 test videos. Leveraging this new data wealth, we propose to optimize the
model design for video SBD, by conducting neural architecture search in a
search space encapsulating various advanced 3D ConvNets and Transformers. Our
proposed approach, named AutoShot, achieves higher F1 scores than previous
state-of-the-art approaches, e.g., outperforming TransNetV2 by 4.2%, when being
derived and evaluated on our newly constructed SHOT dataset. Moreover, to
validate the generalizability of the AutoShot architecture, we directly
evaluate it on another three public datasets: ClipShots, BBC and RAI, and the
F1 scores of AutoShot outperform previous state-of-the-art approaches by 1.1%,
0.9% and 1.2%, respectively. The SHOT dataset and code can be found in
https://github.com/wentaozhu/AutoShot.git .Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, in CVPR 2023; Top-1 solution for scene
/ shot boundary detection
https://paperswithcode.com/paper/autoshot-a-short-video-dataset-and-state-o
Magnon-mediated interlayer coupling in an all-antiferromagnetic junction
The interlayer coupling mediated by fermions in ferromagnets brings about
parallel and anti-parallel magnetization orientations of two magnetic layers,
resulting in the giant magnetoresistance, which forms the foundation in
spintronics and accelerates the development of information technology. However,
the interlayer coupling mediated by another kind of quasi-particle, boson, is
still lacking. Here we demonstrate such a static interlayer coupling at room
temperature in an antiferromagnetic junction Fe2O3/Cr2O3/Fe2O3, where the two
antiferromagnetic Fe2O3 layers are functional materials and the
antiferromagnetic Cr2O3 layer serves as a spacer. The N\'eel vectors in the top
and bottom Fe2O3 are strongly orthogonally coupled, which is bridged by a
typical bosonic excitation (magnon) in the Cr2O3 spacer. Such an orthogonally
coupling exceeds the category of traditional collinear interlayer coupling via
fermions in ground state, reflecting the fluctuating nature of the magnons, as
supported by our magnon quantum well model. Besides the fundamental
significance on the quasi-particle-mediated interaction, the strong coupling in
an antiferromagnetic magnon junction makes it a realistic candidate for
practical antiferromagnetic spintronics and magnonics with ultrahigh-density
integration.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
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