Due Process in Antitrust Enforcement: Normative and Comparative Perspectives

Due process in antitrust enforcement has significant implications for better professional and accurate enforcement decisions. Not only can due process spur economic growth, raise government credibility, and limit the abuse of powers according to law, it also promotes competitive reforms in monopolized sectors and curbs corruption. Jurisdictions learn from the best practices in the investigation process, decisionmaking process, and the announcement and judicial review of antitrust enforcement decisions. By comparing the enforcement policies of China, the European Union, and the United States, this article calls for better disclosure of evidence, participation of legal counsel, and protection of the procedural and substantive rights of the respondent in the investigation process. In conducting evidence review and arriving at punitive decisions, the enforcement agency should establish a separation between investigatory and adjudicatory functions. Finally, the issued punishment decision should contain more comprehensive information and be subject to judicial review

Galilean invariance of lattice Boltzmann models

It is well-known that the original lattice Boltzmann (LB) equation deviates from the Navier-Stokes equations due to an unphysical velocity dependent viscosity. This unphysical dependency violates the Galilean invariance and limits the validation domain of the LB method to near incompressible flows. As previously shown, recovery of correct transport phenomena in kinetic equations depends on the higher hydrodynamic moments. In this Letter, we give specific criteria for recovery of various transport coefficients. The Galilean invariance of a general class of LB models is demonstrated via numerical experiments

Magnetic fluctuations in n-type high-TcT_c superconductors reveal breakdown of fermiology

By combining experimental measurements of the quasiparticle and dynamical magnetic properties of optimally electron-doped Pr$_{0.88}$LaCe$_{0.12}$CuO$_4$ with theoretical calculations we demonstrate that the conventional fermiology approach cannot possibly account for the magnetic fluctuations in these materials. In particular, we perform tunneling experiments on the very same sample for which a dynamical magnetic resonance has been reported recently and use photoemission data by others on a similar sample to characterize the fermionic quasiparticle excitations in great detail. We subsequently use this information to calculate the magnetic response within the conventional fermiology framework as applied in a large body of work for the hole-doped superconductors to find a profound disagreement between the theoretical expectations and the measurements: this approach predicts a step-like feature rather than a sharp resonance peak, it underestimates the intensity of the resonance by an order of magnitude, it suggests an unreasonable temperature dependence of the resonance, and most severely, it predicts that most of the spectral weight resides in incommensurate wings which are a key feature of the hole-doped cuprates but have never been observed in the electron-doped counterparts. Our findings strongly suggest that the magnetic fluctuations reflect the quantum-mechanical competition between antiferromagnetic and superconducting orders.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, 1 tabl

The Interrelationships of Managing Knowledge and Organizational Learning: A Case Study of a British Retailer

Customer data collected from business transactions have long been used in the retailing industry as a basis for analysing company performance and consumer behaviour. However, despite the widespread recognition of the value of customer data for retailers, relatively few studies have examined the process by which data are transformed into information and organisational knowledge. Such transformation is considered as part of organizational learning. Even fewer studies have considered the dynamics of cross-functional knowledge sharing and integration within the retailing sector. To fill this gap, this research-inprogress looks at one of the Britain’s largest retailers, Boots the Chemist (BTC), transforms its customer data into knowledge via organizational learning. The likely contribution to the literature is like such attempt could be considered as the first step towards linking up the growing division of organizational learning and knowledge management studies. The purpose of the research is to examine how customer data collected from business transactions were used as the foundation for generating strategically valuable information and knowledge, and how knowledge was shared and integrated across business functions. Several important issues are to be highlighted in the study, in particular: (1) the transformation of data, information and knowledge via organizational learning; (2) the integration of departmental knowledge and the creation of new organisational knowledge; (3) knowledge sharing as a socio-technical phenomenon. The case illustrates the importance of developing and maintaining interdepartmental relationships as a means of sharing and integrating strategically valuable knowledge

The entanglement in one-dimensional random XY spin chain with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

The impurities of exchange couplings, external magnetic fields and Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya (DM) interaction considered as Gaussian distribution, the entanglement in one-dimensional random $XY$ spin systems is investigated by the method of solving the different spin-spin correlation functions and the average magnetization per spin. The entanglement dynamics at central locations of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic chains have been studied by varying the three impurities and the strength of DM interaction. (i) For ferromagnetic spin chain, the weak DM interaction can improve the amount of entanglement to a large value, and the impurities have the opposite effect on the entanglement below and above critical DM interaction. (ii) For antiferromagnetic spin chain, DM interaction can enhance the entanglement to a steady value. Our results imply that DM interaction strength, the impurity and exchange couplings (or magnetic field) play competing roles in enhancing quantum entanglement.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Effect of Dopant on the Nanostructured Morphology of Poly (1-naphthylamine) Synthesized by Template Free Method

The study reports some preliminary investigations on the template free synthesis of ascantlyinvestigated polyaniline (PANI) derivative—poly (1-naphthylamine) (PNA) by template free method in presence as well as absence of hydrochloric acid (HCl) (dopant), using ferric chloride as oxidant. The polymerization was carried out in alcoholic medium. Polymerization of 1-naphthylamine (NPA) was confirmed by the FT-IR as well as UV–visible studies. The morphology and size of PNA particles was strongly influenced by the presence and absence of acid which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies

Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment and Lepton Flavor Violation

A non-universal interaction, which involves only the third family leptons induces lepton flavor violating couplings and contributes to the anomalous magnetic moment of muon. In this paper, we study the effects of non-universal interaction on muon (g-2) and rare decay $\tau \to \mu \gamma$ by using an effective lagrangian technique, and a phenomenological $Z^\prime$ model where $Z^\prime$ couples only to the third family lepton. We find that the deviation from the theory can be explained and the induced $\tau \to \mu \gamma$ rate could be very close to the current experimental limit. In the $Z^\prime$ model, $M_{Z^\prime}$ has to be lighter than 2.6 TeV.Comment: references added, the version to appear in PR

The Efficient Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Bi-Functionalized Sarcophagine for 64Cu Radiopharmaceuticals

Purpose We and others have reported that Sarcophagine-based bifunctional chelators could be effectively used in the syntheses of 64Cu radiopharmaceuticals. The resulted 64Cu-Sarcophagine complexes demonstrated great in vivo stability. The goal of this study was to further derivatize Sarcophagine cage with amino and maleimide functional groups for conjugation with bioligands

Prediction of the depth-averaged two-dimensional flow direction along a meander in compound channels

YesFor overbank flows in meandering channels, the flow direction along a meander varies and is affected by floodplain vegetation. This study proposes a model for predicting the depth-averaged two-dimensional flow direction (depth-averaged flow angle) along a meander in smooth and vegetated meandering compound channels. Laboratory experiments were performed in smooth and vegetated channels. Measurements show that the height of the secondary current cell in the main channel is increased by dense floodplain vegetation comparing with that in a non-vegetated channel. A method of determining the height of the cell is proposed. At the middle section between the apex and exit sections, where the secondary current cell is absent, the depth-averaged flow angle is independent of the height of the cell. Beyond the middle section, a new secondary current cell is formed, and the flow angle is highly dependent on the height of the cell. The proposed model is thoroughly verified using the flume experimental and field observed data. Good agreement is obtained between predictions and measurements, indicating that the proposed model is capable of accurately predicting the depth-averaged flow angle along a meander in smooth and vegetated meandering compound channels.National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC0402302), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51709022, 51609160 and 51539007