Independent Component Analysis-Based Feed-Forward Neural Network for Applications of Active Noise Control

本論文將探討以獨立成分分析法為基礎之前饋式神經網路於主動噪音控制之應用。我們考慮一語音及一噪音訊號經空間路徑傳遞後，由兩支麥克風量測到混合之訊號，然後將量測到之混合訊號透過具MJH演算法之前饋式神經網路（FFNN_MJH），將語音及噪音訊號分離出來，並提供予主動噪音控制器，使其能輸出適當之控制訊號去激發喇叭，產生控制聲波來消除其中一支麥克風周圍之噪音，並保留語音訊號。由電腦模擬結果中顯示本系統對於單頻及倍頻之噪音訊號，在消除噪音及保留語音訊號上皆具有良好之效果，且在估測控制路徑不準確時本系統依然擁有適當之強健性。In this study, an application of active noise control (ANC) using an independent component analysis-based feed-forward neural network (FFNN) is investigated. We consider a speech source and a noise source generating mixture signals in the space. Two microphones located at two distinct places are used to measure the mixture signals. Since the signal sources and the transmission paths are unknown, we apply a FFNN with MJH algorithm(FFNN_MJH)for the measured signals to obtain estimates of the signal sources. These estimates are then used for an ANC controller such that suitable control signal can be generated to drive a loudspeaker. It is desired that one of the microphone can observe the speech while ignoring the noise by use of the loudspeaker. Computer simulation shows that the observed microphone can effectively retain the speech while attenuating the noise with respective to tonal or harmonic noises. The proposed system also maintains a certain degree of robustness with respective to the uncertainty in the transmission paths of the loudspeaker, demonstrating its feasibility.論文目錄 頁次 誌謝 i 中文摘要 ii 英文摘要 iii 論文目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vi 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究動機 1 1.2 文獻回顧 3 1.3 論文概要 6 第二章 以獨立成分分析法為基礎之前饋式神經網路（FFNN_MJH） 7 2.1 遞迴式神經網路 7 2.2 統計獨立 9 2.3 JH演算法 10 2.4 前饋式神經網路 13 2.5 MJH演算法 15 2.6 盲訊號分離電腦模擬結果 19 第三章 主動噪音控制（ANC）系統：使用FFNN_MJH 23 3.1 FFNN_MJH-Based ANC系統架構 23 3.2 具FXLMS演算法之FIR適應性濾波器 25 3.3 ANC系統結合FFNN_MJH之應用 27 第四章 電腦模擬 33 4.1 FFNN_MJH-Based ANC系統電腦模擬之初始設定 33 4.2 FFNN_MJH-Based ANC系統於單頻噪音訊號之模擬結果 40 4.3 FFNN_MJH-Based ANC系統於倍頻噪音訊號之模擬結果 42 4.4 FFNN_MJH-Based ANC系統於倍頻噪音訊號放大五倍之 模擬結果 45 4.5 FFNN_MJH-Based ANC系統在估測控制路徑不準確時之模 擬結果 49 第五章 結論與未來展望 59 5.1 結論 59 5.2 未來展望 60 附錄A 獨立成分分析法（ICA） 61 A.1 ICA之基本概念 61 A.2 ICA之限制 64 附錄B 動態遞迴式神經網路 69 參考文獻 7

KMUP-1 Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis through the NO–cGMP–MAPK Signaling Pathways

To test whether KMUP-1 (7-[2-[4-(2-chlorophenyl) piperazinyl]ethyl]-1,3-dimethylxanthine) prevents myocardial ischemia-induced apoptosis, we examined KMUP-1-treated H9c2 cells culture. Recent attention has focused on the activation of nitric oxide (NO)-guanosine 3’, 5’cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway triggered by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, including extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 in the mechanism of cardiac protection during ischemia-induced cell-death. We propose that KMUP-1 inhibits ischemia-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells culture through these pathways. Cell viability was assessed using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and apoptotic evaluation was conducted using DNA ladder assay and Hoechst 33342 staining. The level of intracellular calcium was detected using-Fura2-acetoxymethyl (Fura2-AM) staining, and mitochondrial calcium with Rhod 2-acetoxymethyl (Rhod 2-AM) staining under fluorescence microscopic observation. The expression of endothelium NO synthase (eNOS), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), soluble guanylate cyclase α1 (sGCα1), PKG, Bcl-2/Bax ratio, ERK1/2, p38, and JNK proteins were measured by Western blotting assay. KMUP-1 pretreatment improved cell viability and inhibited ischemia-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cells. Calcium overload both in the intracellular and mitochondrial sites was attenuated by KMUP-1 pretreatment. Moreover, KMUP-1 reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased plasma NOx (nitrite and nitrate) level, and the expression of eNOS. Otherwise, the iNOS expression was downregulated. KMUP-1 pretreatment upregulated the expression of sGCα1 and PKG protein. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax expression was increased by the elevated level of Bcl2 and decreased level of Bax. In comparison with the ischemia group, KMUP-1 pretreatment groups reduced the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1/2, p-p38, and p-JNK as well. Therefore, KMUP-1 inhibits myocardial ischemia-induced apoptosis by restoration of cellular calcium influx through the mechanism of NO-cGMP-MAPK pathways

Computer-aided structural design of drawing dies for stamping processes based on functional features

[[abstract]]This paper describes a structural design system for 3D drawing dies based on functional features using a minimum set of initial information. In addition, it is also applicable to assign the functional features flexibly before accomplishing the design of a solid model for the main parts of a drawing die, such as upper die, lower die, and blank holder. The initial information includes blank sizes, work strokes, die faces, punch open lines, and press data. The proposed system integrated the design knowledge of drawing die into functions of 3D computer-aided design (CAD) software to automate design and to shorten design time. This design system is constructed on a PC and integrated with a Pro/ENGINEER CAD system including feature selector, shape calculator, model generator, design coordinator, and user interface. The proposed system is demonstrated using the example of designing a drawing die for the roof panel of a vehicle within 1 h. The results reveal that it can dramatically improve the design quality and can save both time and costs with excellent design quality