Generalized Synchronization of Different Chaotic Systems Based on Nonnegative Off-Diagonal Structure

The generalized synchronization problem is studied in this paper for different chaotic systems with the aid of the direct design method. Based on Lyapunov stability theory and matrix theory, some sufficient conditions guaranteeing the stability of a nonlinear system with nonnegative off-diagonal structure are obtained. Then the control scheme is designed from the stable system by the direct design method. Finally, two numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method

Impact of Sucrose Addition on the Physiochemical Properties and Volatile Compounds of “Shuangyou” Red Wines

“Shuangyou,” a Vitis amurensis Rupr. variety, is widely cultivated in northeastern and western China. Its berries have high acidity and low sugar content. In this study, different proportions of sucrose were added to the must samples during fermentation to investigate the effect of sugar on the physicochemical properties and volatile compounds of “Shuangyou” wines. The addition of sucrose significantly improved yeast growth and alcohol production, altered the color qualities, and slightly decreased titratable acidity during fermentation. The highest tested proportion of added sucrose resulted in the highest maximum yeast counts and final ethanol concentrations. Moreover, 37 volatile compounds (esters, alcohols, fatty acids, ketones, and aldehydes) were identified and quantified by solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The concentrations of these compounds were correlated with the addition of sucrose. Furthermore, the addition of 100 g/L sucrose was sufficient for improving the concentrations of the aromatic compounds. The increase in ester, alcohol, and fatty acid concentration led to a positive OAVs impact (odor activity value > 1) at the end of fermentation

Effect of rheological properties of potato, rice and corn starches on their hot-extrusion 3D printing behaviors

In this study, the relationship between rheological properties and printability of three types of starch (potato, rice and corn starch) for hot-extrusion 3D printing (HE-3DP) were systematically investigated. Each starch sample showed a shear-thinning behavior, self-supporting property, as well as the feature of a substantial decrease at higher strains and a recovery at lower strains in storage modulus (G′), which indicated the suitability of starch for HE-3DP. Besides, the flow stress (τf), yield stress (τy), and G′ increased with a higher starch concentration. We found that starch suspensions with concentrations of 15–25% (w/w) heated to 70–85 °C possessed preferable values of τf (140–722 Pa), τy (32–455 Pa), and G' (1150–6909 Pa) for HE-3DP, which endowed them with excellent extrusion processability and sufficient mechanical integrity to achieve high resolutions (0.804–1.024 mm line width). Overall, our results provided useful information to produce individualized starch-based food by HE-3DP