Exploring the Applicability of Building Energy Performance Certification Systems in Underground Stations in China

To improve the energy efficiency of underground metro stations, and in view of the absence of a comprehensive energy performance evaluation system for underground stations, this study introduced building Energy Performance Certification (EPC) tools into underground stations and conducted a comparative analysis of their applicability. The findings indicated that due to the unique characteristics of underground stations, China’s current EPC system was inapplicable to them. Specifically, (1) for basic items, although evaluation methods were available, due to the limited energy use data for the statistical method, the self-reference method was preferred, but its calculation encountered issues with missing reference values; (2) for prescribed items, the emphasis should be placed on the energy efficiency requirements of energy use systems rather than those of the thermal performance of envelopes; (3) for alternative items, the energy recovery measures related to the heat dissipation of trains and the piston wind should be addressed. Furthermore, a case study was conducted for verification of the proposed energy evaluation method, and the EPC system was updated based on the results of the comparison. The authors hope that this study will help improve China’s energy evaluation methods for underground stations and serve as a reference for expanding the EPC system to include public transportation buildings

Towards Understanding Chain-of-Thought Prompting: An Empirical Study of What Matters

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can dramatically improve the multi-step reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). CoT explicitly encourages the LLM to generate intermediate rationales for solving a problem, by providing a series of reasoning steps in the demonstrations. Despite its success, there is still little understanding of what makes CoT prompting effective and which aspects of the demonstrated reasoning steps contribute to its performance. In this paper, we show that CoT reasoning is possible even with invalid demonstrations - prompting with invalid reasoning steps can achieve over 80-90% of the performance obtained using CoT under various metrics, while still generating coherent lines of reasoning during inference. Further experiments show that other aspects of the rationales, such as being relevant to the query and correctly ordering the reasoning steps, are much more important for effective CoT reasoning. Overall, these findings both deepen our understanding of CoT prompting, and open up new questions regarding LLMs' capability to learn to reason in context.Comment: ACL-23 Camera Ready. Code and model input/output are available at https://github.com/sunlab-osu/Understanding-Co

Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the mechanism of carapace stripe formation in two closely related Marsupenaeus species

Marsupenaeus japonicus has two types of phenotypic differences that are mainly reflected in the stripe pattern of the carapace. However, the underlying mechanism regulating the stripe patterns is not clear. In the present study, we first observed the composition of pigment cells and detected the contents of different carotenoids in the carapace of M. japonicus. We clearly observed the setae structure on the carapace. There were red pigment cells in the stripe pattern and yellow pigment cells in the other parts. Both red pigment cells and yellow pigment cells showed dendritic morphology. In the carapace, the content of astaxanthin was the highest, significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of other carotenoids. Some differentially expressed genes between two pattern types of M. japonicus, may be associated with the body color formation, such as crustacyanin (CRCN), apolipoprotein D (ApoD), tubulin alpha-1 chain, cuticle protein, and ABC transporter, which were verified by quantitative PCR experiments. The amino acid composition and secondary structure of CRCN A2, CRCN C1, and ApoD were significantly different. The results of this study will help to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the differential pattern formation of M. japonicus and provide a reference for further exploration of the formation mechanism of crustacean color

CAMKs support development of acute myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND: We recently identified the human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 (LILRB2) and its mouse ortholog-paired Ig-like receptor (PirB) as receptors for several angiopoietin-like proteins (Angptls). We also demonstrated that PirB is important for the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but exactly how an inhibitory receptor such as PirB can support cancer development is intriguing. RESULTS: Here, we showed that the activation of Ca (2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CAMKs) is coupled with PirB signaling in AML cells. High expression of CAMKs is associated with a poor overall survival probability in patients with AML. Knockdown of CAMKI or CAMKIV decreased human acute leukemia development in vitro and in vivo. Mouse AML cells that are defective in PirB signaling had decreased activation of CAMKs, and the forced expression of CAMK partially rescued the PirB-defective phenotype in the MLL-AF9 AML mouse model. The inhibition of CAMK kinase activity or deletion of CAMKIV significantly slowed AML development and decreased the AML stem cell activity. We also found that CAMKIV acts through the phosphorylation of one of its well-known target (CREB) in AML cells. CONCLUSION: CAMKs are essential for the growth of human and mouse AML. The inhibition of CAMK signaling may become an effective strategy for treating leukemia