Photoluminescent Evolution Induced by Structural Transformation Through Thermal Treating in the Red Narrow-Band Phosphor K₂GeF₆:Mn⁴⁺

This study explored optimal preparation conditions for K₂GeF₆:Mn⁴⁺ red phosphors by using chemical coprecipitation method. The prepared hexagonal <i>P</i>3̅m1 K₂GeF₆:Mn⁴⁺ exhibited efficient red emission, high color purity, good Mn⁴⁺ concentration stability, and low thermal quenching. Structural evolution from hexagonal <i>P</i>3̅<i>m</i>1 to <i>P</i>6₃mc and then <i>P</i>6₃<i>mc</i> to cubic <i>Fm</i>3<i>m</i> occurred after thermal treatment at approximately 400 and 500 °C, respectively. Hexagonal <i>P</i>6₃mc phase showed an obvious zero phonon line peak at 621 nm, whereas cubic <i>Fm</i>3<i>m</i> phase showed no red emission. Yellowish K₂GeF₆:Mn⁴⁺ with both hexagonal <i>P</i>3̅<i>m</i>1 and <i>P</i>6₃<i>mc</i> symmetries are promising commercial red phosphors for white light-emitting diodes

Zeolite-like Topology Oxonitridosilicate La_3.6Ba_1.7Si₅N₁₀O_2.1 with Potential Applications in Nonlinear Optical Materials

A novel zeolite-like topology oxonitridosilicate La3.6Ba1.7Si5N10O2.1 with the space group Amm2 (no. 38) and lattice parameters a = 9.5193 (3) Å, b = 16.7011 (5) Å, c = 26.0279 (8) Å, and Z = 12 has been synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state reaction. The crystal structure of La3.6Ba1.7Si5N10O2.1 has four different kinds of tiling, and the cages in the structure are filled with La, Ba, and O atoms. The presence of a noncentrosymmetric space group further suggests its potential for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications, and La3.6Ba1.7Si5N10O2.1 demonstrated a stronger second-harmonic generation (SHG) response than that of SiO2

Demographic Characteristics of Subjects by Exposure [M(P₂₅, P₇₅)or N(%)].

<p>*(**) <i>p<0.05</i> (<i>0.01</i>) (Chi-square test or nonparametric test) compared with the unexposed group of the same sex.</p><p>Results were expressed as the mean ± SD when the continuous variables followed a normal distribution.</p><p>Results were expressed as M (P25, P75) when the continuous variables did not follow a normal distribution.</p

Lead Biomarkers and Serum Iron Indices by <i>HFE</i> Genotypes [Mean ±SD or N or M (P₂₅, P₇₅)].

<p>Abbreviations: BPb, blood lead; UPb, urine lead; ZPP, zinc protoporphyrin; sFe, serum iron; UIBC, unsaturated iron-binding capacity; TIBC, total iron binding capacity; Tf, transferrin; TfS, serum transferrin saturation; sFn, serum ferritin; sTfR, soluble transferrin receptor; BIC, body iron content; Hb, haemoglobin; HH, wild-type; HD, <i>H63D</i> heterozygous variant; DD, <i>H63D</i> homozygous variant.</p><p>*(**) <i>p<0.05</i> (<i>0.01</i>) compared with <i>HH</i> (student's <i>t</i>-test or nonparametric test).</p>a<p>Because of missing data, the numbers do not equal 771.</p><p>Results were expressed as the mean ± SD when continuous variables followed a normal distribution.</p><p>Results were expressed as M (P₂₅, P₇₅) when continuous variables did not follow a normal distribution.</p

Lead Biomarkers, Serum Iron Indices and Genotypes by Exposure [Mean ± SD or N (%) or M (P₂₅, P₇₅)].

<p>Abbreviations: BPb, blood lead; UPb, urine lead; ZPP, zinc protoporphyrin; sFe, serum iron; UIBC, unsaturated iron-binding capacity; TIBC, total iron binding capacity; Tf, transferrin; TfS, serum transferrin saturation; sFn, serum ferritin; sTfR, soluble transferrin receptor; BIC, body iron content; Hb, haemoglobin. For <i>H63D</i> genotype, HH, wild-type; HD, <i>H63D</i> heterozygous variant; DD, <i>H63D</i> homozygous variant. For <i>C282Y</i> genotype, CC, wild-type; CY, <i>C282Y</i> heterozygous variant; YY, <i>C282Y</i> homozygous variant.</p><p>*(**) <i>p<0.05</i> (<i>0.01</i>) (Chi-square test, Student's <i>t</i>-test or nonparametric test) compared with the unexposed group of the same sex.</p><p>Results were expressed as the mean ± SD when continuous variables followed a normal distribution.</p><p>Results were expressed as M (P₂₅, P₇₅) when continuous variables did not follow a normal distribution.</p

Interactive effect between the <i>H63D</i> genotype and blood lead levels on body iron content.

<p><i>H63D</i> genotype: HD or DD: open dots, dashed line; HH: close dots, full line. The data are analyzed using multivariate analysis.</p

Interactive effect between the <i>H63D</i> genotype and blood lead levels on transferrin.

<p><i>H63D</i> genotype: HD or DD: open dots, dashed line; HH: close dots, full line. The data are analyzed using multivariate analysis.</p

Linear regression models evaluating effect of <i>HFE</i> genotypes on the association between lead exposure and iron metabolism.

<p>Abbreviations: BPb, blood lead; Tf, transferrin; BIC, body iron content; HH, wild-type; HD, <i>H63D</i> heterozygous variant; DD, <i>H63D</i> homozygous variant.</p><p>Linear models were adjusted stepwise for age (year), gender (male vs. female), education (lower than high school vs. higher than high school), marriage (yes vs. no), tobacco use (yes vs. no), alcohol consumption (yes vs. no), occupational lead exposure (unexposed, dissolved lead operations or electrolytic lead operations) and work years. <i>H63D</i> genotype (HH vs. HD or DD), iron metabolic index/BPb and the cross-product with the genotype and each iron metabolic index/BPb. While BPb was independent factor, each iron metabolic index and the cross-product with the genotype were put separately into the model.</p>1<p><i>P</i> value for each statistic;</p>2<p><i>P</i> value for each regression model.</p

Interactive effect between the <i>H63D</i> genotype and body iron content on blood lead levels.

<p><i>H63D</i> genotype: HD or DD: open dots, dashed line; HH: close dots, full line. The data are analyzed using multivariate analysis.</p