Estudio de exploración inicial de las concesiones mineras metálicas Afrodita Poshan para delimitar zonas mineralizadas y su posible explotación, Cajamarca, 2020

La investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar el estudio de exploración inicial en las concesiones mineras metálicas Afrodita Poshan, para delimitar zonas mineralizadas y su posible explotación. El área de estudio se localiza en los Distritos de Catan y Guzmango en la Provincia de Contumazá, Cajamarca. Se observó en campo vetas de interés económico, y las muestras fueron cuarteadas en campo para envió a laboratorio químico y posterior análisis de oro y plata. A su vez se hizo el reconocimiento de la litología y estructuras geológicas, y de esta manera se ha logrado identificar el tipo de yacimiento que consiste en un epitermal de baja sulfuración, emplazado dentro del corredor Otuzco - San Pablo – Porculla. Se logro identificar dos vetas principales que se emplazan en las fallas, y tambien varias vetas secundarias emplazadas en las estructuras de reacomodo de las fallas principales. La investigación fue no experimental con diseño descriptivo y los resultados indican que las leyes de oro varían desde 0.01 hasta 0.71 oz/tn con un valor promedio de 0.16 oz/tn; así mismo para la plata se reportó una ley mínima de 1.56 y una ley máxima de 24 oz/tn con una ley promedio de 5.41 oz/tn. El mapeo geológico con los resultados de oro y plata delimitan zonas mineralizadas en la concesión Afrodita Poshan y Poshan 4, favorables económicamente para la explotación de oro y plata por las leyes que se ha obtenido en los afloramientos, por lo que se infiere que estas leyes pueden mejorar en profundidad con un segundo estudio de exploración diamantina.The objective of the investigation was to carry out the initial exploration study in the Afrodita Poshan metallic mining concessions, to delimit mineralized zones and their possible exploitation. The study area is located in the Districts of Catan and Guzmango in the Province of Contumazá, Cajamarca. Veins of economic interest were observed in the field, and the samples were quartered in the field for sending to the chemical laboratory and subsequent analysis of gold and silver. At the same time, the lithology and geological structures were recognized, and in this way it has been possible to identify the type of deposit that consists of a low sulphidation epithermal, located within the Otuzco - San Pablo - Porculla corridor. It was possible to identify two main veins that are located in the faults, and also several secondary veins located in the rearrangement structures of the main faults. The research was non-experimental with a descriptive design and the results indicate that the gold grades vary from 0.01 to 0.71 oz / tn with an average value of 0.16 oz / tn; Likewise, for silver a minimum grade of 1.56 and a maximum grade of 24 oz / tn with an average grade of 5.41 oz / tn were reported. The geological mapping with the gold and silver results delimit mineralized zones in the Afrodita Poshan and Poshan 4 concession, economically favorable for the exploitation of gold and silver due to the grades obtained in the outcrops, so it is inferred that these grades they can be improved in depth with a second diamond scan study

Factores que contribuyen a la dilución mineral en operaciones mineras a tajo abierto: una revisión de la literatura científica

La dilución mineral es uno de los grandes problemas que afrenta cada día las diversas compañías mineras. En esta investigación se analizará la relación entre la voladura y la dilución minera. La dilución es uno de los grandes problemas en la minería, debido a que a mayor dilución mayor pérdida económica existirá. La dilución mineral parte desde la voladura, hasta su llegada a planta; para poder definir las posibles causas partiremos desde un diseño geológico y diseño de voladura y nos enfocaremos en determinar y definir cada uno de las posibles causas que generan mayor dilución. Para ello buscamos información en la base de datos académicos como Scielo, Google Académico, en las cuales existe información referente a los puntos de dilución y se realizó la revisión sistemática referente a los años 2006 al 2019. Para analizar y estudiar las evidencias encontradas en estas investigaciones sobre: a) Dilución mineral, b) Diseño de perforación y voladura y c) Parámetros de voladura. Según la revisión de la información estas causas se deben a los parámetros de las voladuras, diseño geológico, carguío y acarreo de material. Según resultados obtenidos por desplazamiento en voladura la perdida de mineral es un 20 %, esto genera pérdidas significativas para las diversas empresas mineras

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially