108 research outputs found
Furnishing Sound Event Detection with Language Model Abilities
Recently, the ability of language models (LMs) has attracted increasing
attention in visual cross-modality. In this paper, we further explore the
generation capacity of LMs for sound event detection (SED), beyond the visual
domain. Specifically, we propose an elegant method that aligns audio features
and text features to accomplish sound event classification and temporal
location. The framework consists of an acoustic encoder, a contrastive module
that align the corresponding representations of the text and audio, and a
decoupled language decoder that generates temporal and event sequences from the
audio characteristic. Compared with conventional works that require complicated
processing and barely utilize limited audio features, our model is more concise
and comprehensive since language model directly leverage its semantic
capabilities to generate the sequences. We investigate different decoupling
modules to demonstrate the effectiveness for timestamps capture and event
classification. Evaluation results show that the proposed method achieves
accurate sequences of sound event detection.Comment: 8 pages,2 figures,published to AAA
Relationship between leaf physiologic traits and canopy color indices during the leaf expansion period in an oak forest
© The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Ecosphere 6, no. 12 (2015): 1-9, doi:10.1890/ES14-00452.1.Plant phenology has a significant impact on the forest ecosystem carbon balance. Detecting plant phenology by capturing the time-series canopy images through digital camera has become popular in recent years. However, the relationship between color indices derived from camera images and plant physiological characters are elusive during the growing season in temperate ecosystems. We collected continuous images of forest canopy, leaf size, leaf area index (LAI) and leaf chlorophyll measured by a soil plant analysis development (SPAD) analyzer in a northern subtropical oak forest in China. Our results show that (1) the spring peak of color indices, Gcc (Green Chromatic Coordinates) and ExG (Excess Green), was 18 days earlier than the 90% maximum SPAD value; (2) the 90% maximum SPAD value coincided with the change point of Gcc and ExG immediately after their spring peak; and (3) the spring curves of Gcc and ExG before their peaks were highly synchronous with the expansion of leaf size and the development of LAI value. We suggest it needs to be adjusted if camera-derived Gcc or ExG is used as a proxy of chlorophyll or gross primary productivity, and images observation should be complemented with field phenological and physiological information to interpret the physiological meaning of leaf seasonality.This research was funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions in the Discipline of Environmental Science and Engineering at Nanjing Forest University, Changjiang River Delta Urban Forest Ecosystem Research of CFERN (to H. Hu) and Brown University Seed Funds for International Research Projects on the Environment (to J. Tang)
Synthesis and Properties of LaSrNiO and LaSrNiO
Superconductivity has been realized in films of LaSrNiO. Here
we report synthesis and characterization of polycrystalline samples of
LaSrNiO and LaSrNiO ().
Magnetization and resistivity measurements reveal that LaSrNiO
are paramagnetic metals and LaSrNiO exhibit insulating
behavior. Superconductivity is not detected in bulk samples of
LaSrNiO. The absence of superconductivity in bulk
LaSrNiO may be due to the generation of hydroxide during
reduction or a small amount of nickel impurities. The effect of interface in
films of LaSrNiO may also play a role for superconductivity.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Tulp1 deficiency causes early-onset retinal degeneration through affecting ciliogenesis and activating ferroptosis in zebrafish
Mutations in TUB-like protein 1 (TULP1) are associated with severe early-onset retinal degeneration in humans. However, the pathogenesis remains largely unknown. There are two homologous genes of TULP1 in zebrafish, namely tulp1a and tulp1b. Here, we generated the single knockout (tulp1a(−/−) and tulp1b(−/−)) and double knockout (tulp1-dKO) models in zebrafish. Knockout of tulp1a resulted in the mislocalization of UV cone opsins and the degeneration of UV cones specifically, while knockout of tulp1b resulted in mislocalization of rod opsins and rod-cone degeneration. In the tulp1-dKO zebrafish, mislocalization of opsins was present in all types of photoreceptors, and severe degeneration was observed at a very early age, mimicking the clinical manifestations of TULP1 patients. Photoreceptor cilium length was significantly reduced in the tulp1-dKO retinas. RNA-seq analysis showed that the expression of tektin2 (tekt2), a ciliary and flagellar microtubule structural component, was downregulated in the tulp1-dKO zebrafish. Dual-luciferase reporter assay suggested that Tulp1a and Tulp1b transcriptionally activate the promoter of tekt2. In addition, ferroptosis might be activated in the tulp1-dKO zebrafish, as suggested by the up-regulation of genes related to the ferroptosis pathway, the shrinkage of mitochondria, reduction or disappearance of mitochondria cristae, and the iron and lipid droplet deposition in the retina of tulp1-dKO zebrafish. In conclusion, our study establishes an appropriate zebrafish model for TULP1-associated retinal degeneration and proposes that loss of TULP1 causes defects in cilia structure and opsin trafficking through the downregulation of tekt2, which further increases the death of photoreceptors via ferroptosis. These findings offer insight into the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of early-onset retinal degeneration
Single crystal growth and superconductivity in RbNiSe
We report the synthesis and characterization of RbNiSe, an analog of
the iron chalcogenide superconductor RbFeSe, via transport, angle
resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and density functional theory
calculations. A superconducting transition at = 1.20 K is identified.
In normal state, RbNiSe shows paramagnetic and Fermi liquid behaviors.
A large Sommerfeld coefficient yields a heavy effective electron mass of
. In the superconducting state, zero-field electronic
specific-heat data can be described by a two-gap BCS model, indicating
that RbNiSe is a multi-gap superconductor. Our density functional
theory calculations and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements
demonstrate that RbNiSe exhibits relatively weak correlations and
multi-band characteristics, consistent with the multi-gap superconductivity.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Structural, magnetic, and electronic evolution of the spin-ladder system BaFeSSe with isoelectronic substitution
We report experimental studies of a series of BaFeSSe () single crystals and powder specimens using x-ray diffraction, neutron
diffraction, muon spin relaxation, and electrical transport measurements. A
structural transformation from Cmcm (BaFeS) to Pnma (BaFeSe)
was identified around . Neutron diffraction measurements on the
samples with = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.7 reveal that the Nel temperature of
the stripe antiferromagnetic order is gradually suppressed from 120 to 85
K, while the magnitude of the ordered Fe moments shows very little
variation. Similarly, the block antiferromagnetic order in BaFeSe
remains robust for with negligible variation in the ordered
moment and a slight decrease of the Nel temperature from 250 K ()
to 225 K (). The sample with near the Cmcm and Pnma border shows
coexisting, two-dimensional, short-range stripe- and block-type
antiferromagnetic correlations. The system remains insulating for all , but
the thermal activation gap shows an abrupt increase when traversing the
boundary from the Cmcm stripe phase to the Pnma block phase. The results
demonstrate that the crystal structure, magnetic order, and electronic
properties are strongly coupled in the BaFeSSe system.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure
The splicing factor DHX38 enables retinal development through safeguarding genome integrity
DEAH-Box Helicase 38 (DHX38) is a pre-mRNA splicing factor and also a disease-causing gene of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP). The role of DHX38 in the development and maintenance of the retina remains largely unknown. In this study, by using the dhx38 knockout zebrafish model, wedemonstrated that Dhx38 deficiency causes severe differentiation defects and apoptosis of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) through disrupted mitosis and increased DNA damage. Furthermore, we found a significant accumulation of R-loops in the dhx38-deficient RPCs and human cell lines. Finally, we found that DNA replication stress is the prerequisite for R-loop-induced DNA damage in the DHX38 knockdown cells. Taken together, our study demonstrates a necessary role of DHX38 in the development of retina and reveals a DHX38/R-loop/replication stress/DNA damage regulatory axis that is relatively independent of the known functions of DHX38 in mitosis control
Rapid and Visual Detection of Monkey B Virus Based on Recombinase Polymerase Amplification
Monkey B virus (BV) infection in humans and other macaque species has a mortality rate of approximately 80%. Because BV infects humans through bites, scratches, and other injuries inflicted by macaques, the simple and rapid diagnosis of BV in field laboratories is of great importance to protect veterinarians, laboratory researchers, and support personnels from the threat of infection. Two recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assays with a closed vertical flow (VF) visualization strip (RPA-VF-UL27 and RPA-VF-US6) were developed that target two conserved genes combined with a one-off, closed visualization strip device. We compared the sensitivities and specificities of the two assays after optimization of the reaction conditions. The performance of RPA-VF-US6 at room temperature was determined to evaluate its potential in point-of-care (POC) testing. RPA-VF-US6 specifically detected the positive plasmid control (rather than nucleic acids of herpesviruses) with a detection limit of 28 copies, while RPA-VF-UL27 had cross-reactivity with HSV-1, but even 3.4 copies of plasmid standards were readout by this assay. Moreover, RPA-VF-US6 had excellent performance at room temperature (the detection limit was 2,800 plasmid copies), indicating the potential of RPA-VF-US6 in POC testing. We developed two RPA assays for BV visualization diagnosis. RPA-VF-US6 is a simple, rapid, and specific detection method for BV. The entire reaction can be performed at a constant temperature within 30 min, suggesting the potential of RPA-VF-US6 for POC testing in field laboratories without sophisticated instruments
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