76 research outputs found
Electron Density Reconstruction of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections Based on a Genetic Algorithm: Method and Application
We present a new method to reconstruct the three-dimensional electron density
of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) based on a genetic algorithm, namely the
genetic reconstruction method (GRM). GRM is first applied to model CMEs with
different orientations and shapes. A set of analytic model CMEs from Gibson and
Low is employed to produce synthetic CME images for GRM reconstruction. Model
CMEs with longitudes of 0, 45, 90, 135, 180 degrees and latitudes of 0, 15, 30,
45 degrees are used to test the performance of GRM. The model CMEs are obscured
with a simulated occulter of a coronagraph to determine the influence of CME
brightness incompleteness. We add random noise to some synthetic CME images to
test the performance of GRM. The CME reconstructions are carried out using
synthetic data from Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) A and B
with a separation angle of 90 degrees and from STEREO A and the Solar and
Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) with a separation angle of 73 degrees. The
Pearson correlation coefficient and the mean relative absolute deviation are
calculated to analyze the similarities in brightness and electron density
between the model and reconstructed CMEs. Comparisons based on the similarity
analysis under various conditions stated above give us valuable insights into
the advantages and limitations of GRM reconstruction. The method is then
applied to real coronagraph data from STEREO A and B, and SOHO on 2013
September 30.Comment: 27 pages, 17 figures, 1 table. Published on Ap
Targeting collagen in tumor extracellular matrix as a novel targeted strategy in cancer immunotherapy
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammal, is widely expressed in tissues and organs, as well as tumor extracellular matrix. Tumor collagen mainly accumulates in tumor stroma or beneath tumor blood vessel endothelium, and is exposed due to the fragmentary structure of tumor blood vessels. Through the blood vessels with enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, collagen-binding macromolecules could easily bind to tumor collagen and accumulate within tumor, supporting tumor collagen to be a potential tumor-specific target. Recently, numerous studies have verified that targeting collagen within tumor extracellular matrix (TEM) would enhance the accumulation and retention of immunotherapy drugs at tumor, significantly improving their anti-tumor efficacy, as well as avoiding severe adverse effects. In this review, we would summarize the known collagen-binding domains (CBD) or proteins (CBP), their mechanism and application in tumor-targeting immunotherapy, and look forward to future development
Corrigendum: rTMS induces brain functional and structural alternations in schizophrenia patient with auditory verbal hallucination
Improved Pre-attentive Processing With Occipital rTMS Treatment in Major Depressive Disorder Patients Revealed by MMN
ObjectivesTo investigate the improvement effect of occipital repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with escitalopram oxalate tablets on pre-attentive processing in patients with first-episode, medication-naive depression.MethodsPatients who were hospitalized between January and December 2019 were selected. They were randomly allocated to real occipital rTMS stimulation group with 27 cases receiving intermittent theta-burst (iTBS) and sham stimulation group with 24 cases over 20 days. The rTMS treatment target is located at the Oz point of the occipital region. Both groups took escitalopram oxalate tablets, and the average daily drug dose was 15.294 ± 5.041 mg. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) was used to assess the symptoms of depression before and after treatment, and mismatch negativity (MMN) was used to assess the improvement of pre-attentive processing before and after treatment.ResultsAfter 20 days of treatment, the total score of HAMD (13.495 ± 3.700) in both groups was significantly lower than that before treatment [21.910 ± 3.841, F(1, 49) = 46, 3.690, p < 0.001]. After treatment, the latency of MMN in the real stimulation group (182.204 ± 31.878 ms) was significantly lower than that in the sham stimulation group (219.896 ± 42.634 ms, p < 0.001), and the amplitude of MMN in the real stimulation group (−7.107 ± 3.374 ms) was significantly higher than that in the sham stimulation group (−2.773 ± 3.7 32 ms, p < 0.001).ConclusionOccipital rTMS treatment can enhance the early therapeutic effect and effectively improve the pre-attentive processing of patients with depression and provide a scientific basis for the new target of rTMS therapy in clinical patients with depression
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